Heating systems are often at the top of the cost estimates for private homes. First of all, this applies to electrical equipment, although units operating on other sources of energy supply also involve significant operating costs. In addition, the heating infrastructure, by its example, clearly demonstrates the dependence of the efficiency of the system on the resources invested. Also, the transition to cheaper heat sources is also conditioned by other negative factors. For example, gas systems require increased security measures, limiting the user's choice. One way or another, the desire for savings does not leave the minds of technologists in this area, so energy-saving heating in various conceptual variations is increasingly featured in the proposals of engineering companies. Some solutions are just a marketing ploy, while others are quite justified in practice.
Principles of energy efficient heating
The idea of energy-saving heating systems is based on the principles of fuel economy, maintenance costs and technical maintenance.infrastructure. To ensure that the system meets these requirements, designers use a wide range of tools and technological solutions. For example, boilers are provided with dual combustion chambers, conventional radiator installations receive materials with increased heat transfer, and distribution schemes for load-bearing components are initially calculated taking into account the characteristics of the place of operation. Gaining popularity and energy-saving heating without pipes and boilers, which is based on panel heat transfer. According to many experts, this is the most promising direction. This concept is based on the principle of rational accumulation of generated energy. In practice, this means a reduction not only in the consumed energy resource, but also in the structural element base. That is, a set of compact emitter plates is installed in the house, which save free space, but at the same time generate the same amount of heat as systems that provide pipe infrastructure.
Principles of heating ecosystems
Energy saving technologies in many areas are closely associated with the principles of environmental safety. On the one hand, the main principle of operation of such equipment is to minimize the consumption of natural energy resources from the exhaustible class, and on the other hand, it is completely harmless to the users themselves. The latter factor is especially important against the backdrop of the desire of many manufacturers to attract owners of private houses with systems with increased energy efficiency, which is ensured precisely through the use oftoxic hazardous materials. As for optimizing the consumption of energy resources, this concept is implemented by energy-saving heating that consumes biofuel raw materials. Environmentally friendly systems of this type involve the modernization of traditional boilers, as a result of which they allow the generation of heat in the process of burning waste wood processing, plant residues, dried manure, etc. Now it is worth taking a closer look at specific energy-saving technologies in heating systems.
Quartz heaters
This is the most efficient type of panel heating that meets the basic principles of energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. The heater is a plate made using quartz sand. A special solution is mixed with quartz granules and reinforced with a nickel-chromium heating element. Further, the mass is assembled in a press under a certain shape and, under the influence of temperature, acquires hardness and strength. In essence, it turns out electric heating, the energy-saving property of which is expressed in the ability of quartz to accumulate the current propagated through the chromium-nickel conductor. At the moment of activation of the system, the panel quickly gains the required temperature, and after turning it off, it retains it for a long time. That is, to maintain the set mode, it is not necessary to leave the unit on all the time. The system will provide several hours of heat output in passive mode.
Infrared panels
Another type of energy-saving panel heaters, which has its own advantages due to the special principle of operation. Infrared radiation is characterized by the ability to heat objects rather than air. The device operates on the principle of heat transfer to objects, which, in turn, dissipate flows in the room. As a result, uniform heating is achieved. According to the calculations of experts, the temperature difference from the installation site of the emitter to the extreme point in the room is no more than one degree, while these devices are energy-saving. Heating for a house with large rooms can be built according to this principle. In this case, not a point, but a balanced microclimate is organized throughout the space. For other characteristics, infrared heaters retain the advantages of the aforementioned quartz panel.
Energy efficient radiators
Radiator heating systems are also of interest to energy efficiency companies. Unlike conventional radiators, such models are formed by separate vacuum sections filled with a lithium bromide liquid base. At a temperature of 35 ° C, vaporization occurs in this filler. As a result, the upper parts of the vacuum sections are heated, which, in turn, distribute heat throughout the room. During operation, energy-saving heating radiators are characterized by lower water consumption - as a rule, one unit requires only500 ml. This is several times less compared to the consumption level of conventional radiator installations.
Energy efficient boilers
Boilers and ovens are also undergoing improvements in their design and performance. Pyrolysis energy-saving heating boilers are closer to traditional units, in which the principle of long-term heating is implemented. It is achieved through a special design with a double combustion chamber. During operation, the so-called secondary combustion of waste products occurs. Solid fuel material is initially burned in the main chamber, and then gaseous substances go through another stage of processing with heat release.
Another direction in the development of the concept of energy-saving boilers is based on the principles of biofuel combustion. These are combined electric heating boilers, the energy-saving qualities of which are determined by the ability to work on pellets, special fuel pellets and briquettes.
Solar energy-saving batteries
Batteries powered by the energy of solar panels make it possible to provide almost free energy supply to the engineering infrastructure of a residential building. The heating system in this case acts as a consumer of the accumulated energy, which is converted into electricity using special generators. The same electric boilers or radiators with convectors can act as direct equipment for heating. But if in the process of generating heatenergy-saving heating batteries do not require costs, then their technical maintenance is expensive. And this is not to mention the initial investment in the same solar panels and converting generators. It is this nuance that so far holds back the widespread use of this technology, but in the near future solar batteries will be able to fully justify their energy-saving function.
Conventional heating optimization tools
Practice shows that the indicators of energy costs of heating systems are largely determined by the quality of the project. The layout of heating pipes, the installation points of heat radiating panels, the performance of boiler installations - all this affects the consumption of electricity or fuel materials. Therefore, even at the stage of choosing a heating method, it is desirable to at least correlate the power of the installation with the requirements for heat transfer volumes. In addition, energy-saving heating based on conventional systems can be implemented by integrating automatic systems. They will help to achieve rational consumption without user intervention through the management of operating modes.
Features of installation of energy-saving equipment
Systems with minimal energy consumption differ not only in the principles of operation, but often in the nuances of installation. In particular, models of energy-saving radiators in some versions are attached to the ceiling, which allows them to perform their function with greater heat transfer. Conversely, modern floor systemsheaters are integrated directly into the screed and dissipate warm currents from the bottom to the top. It has its own characteristics and energy-saving heating in the form of quartz panels. They are installed on wall surfaces, but with a minimum area coverage.
Maintenance of energy saving systems
Energy-saving equipment often costs more to maintain and maintain than traditional units. This is due to the use of non-standard power supplies. For example, biofuel boilers involve the organization of conditions for storing the same pellets and briquettes. Such materials are sensitive to moisture and require increased fire safety measures. Also, solar energy-saving heating of a private house needs technical support from converters, and the panels themselves must be regularly monitored for more efficient heat storage.
How to choose the best energy saving solution?
The amount of heat transfer is the main indicator that should be considered when choosing a heating medium. In basic versions, small-sized units, like the same radiators, are quite capable of servicing rooms with an area of 25-35 m22. But for large living rooms, halls and rooms with high ceilings, powerful electric heating boilers are more likely to be required. The energy-saving properties of such equipment will not be so obvious, but it is important to understand that the use of traditional furnaces and boiler stations for similar needs will cost even more.
Conclusion
Technologies for optimizing the cost of operating heating units and related equipment in various areas are undergoing radical changes. Corrections are made both in the design schemes and in the functional support. But the starting points for the modernization that energy-efficient heating systems undergo are based on the principles of operation of the equipment. The most significant deviations from traditional systems are demonstrated by alternative energy technologies, although they are not yet in high demand among ordinary consumers. The same cannot be said about energy-saving radiators and boilers, the features of which are expressed in the use of more affordable biofuel.
