After reading this article, you will learn how to correctly and quickly display sewerage, plumbing and heating systems on an axonometric diagram.
How to reflect all elements of communications in the drawing
In order to cope with this task, you will need a program for creating graphic drawings, sketches and diagrams. You can open any of the arsenal of building programs enhanced with this feature, or one you are familiar with.
Before developing axonometry, prepare a plan of a building, apartment or other room with communication networks.
Drawing everything is not that difficult, especially if you have experience with engineering programs. The sketch reflects all the pipes shown on the plan of the house. They are transferred to the electronic version of the axonometric diagram and reflected at an angle of 45 degrees.
Important! This rule does not apply to horizontal sections. The lines are left unchanged.
How to reflect structural elements in electronic version
The fastest way to build a blueprint is to clone the entire schematic. To do this, select the "Insert" command,after which the integrated image is turned over. In order for the function to be executed, it is given a value equal to 45 degrees (a number is written in the program).
Having prepared the basis in the electronic version, where the risers are marked on the plan, they put symbols in the form of dots. To reflect all the floors in the building, a vertical line is drawn. For the purpose of better perception, overlap panels are reflected in the diagram.
Important! Don't make the slabs too long. Use the gap.
A feature of the axonometric sewerage scheme is the reflection of all elements of sanitary devices: urinals, toilet bowls, sinks, drains and other devices for hygiene procedures.
What does the diagram reflect?
On the axonometric drawing of the sewers, they must show:
- Inlets of pipelines inside the house.
- Wiring the distribution system in the building (risers and branches from them to each floor).
- Shut-off and control fittings.
- Reducing rings for pipes with different diameters at their joints.
- Points of descent from the system (tees with plugs).
- Cranes: watering and fire units.
- Sewage equipment, water metering points, control devices and other components of the sanitary and plumbing branch.
What data is entered on the drawing
The introduction of the following indicators describing the water supply system is mandatory when constructing an axonometric diagram. To such informationbelongs to:
- Designation of risers (usually the leader line area).
- The level of the floor of each of the floors of the room, the boundary of the horizontal branch (near the axes of the pipeline), the height of the points of water intake (marks along the risers).
- Diameters of system elements.
- Slope angles of pipelines (indicating the slope index).
- Dimensions (length) of each of the independent sections of the pipeline, which include risers and horizontal branches in millimeters.
- Coordinating dimensions (minor information).
- Designation of nodes for the purpose of detailing the drawing.
In addition to a number of basic data, accompanying documentation is attached to the diagrams, including the specification for materials and equipment.
Features of sketch design
Here, attention is focused on the reflection of devices. If one element climbs onto another, and this happens in most cases, then a dotted line is drawn indicating the displacement of the plumbing element in order to better visual effect.
The axonometric diagram of the water supply should include readings of all pipe diameters. If the toilet bowl is not marked on the outlet, then a diameter of 50 mm is taken, if it is, the minimum diameter should be 100 mm. These numbers are important to remember. For risers in 90% of cases, an indicator of 100 mm is used. Slopes in the same diameter will be equal to 0.02, with an indicator of 50 mm, the slope angle is set to 0.03.
If you have already applied all the elements, mark the outlets, the diameter of which is larger than that of the risers, a number of 0, 02 is taken as the slope.
At the last stage of drawing up the axonometry, special marks are made based on the characteristics of the site and the construction plan. Here they note the level of soil freezing, the location of the foundation, as well as other factors affecting edits.
Drawing features
When making an axonometric diagram, pay attention to the following points:
- Plumbing and other appliances connected to risers and distribution networks are reflected only when the required diagrams are not in the attached documentation.
- The zero mark (the level of the first floor) is shown on the risers by drawing a thin horizontal line. In the case of detailing the project, each of the nodes of the drawing is considered separately, reflecting it on an enlarged scale.
- If necessary, symbols for shut-off and control valves, watering taps and other system elements are introduced into the sketches of diagrams and drawings of water supply networks and sewerage.
Axonometric drawings of heating and ventilation branches
When working with engineering networks, calculations and graphic visualization act as important components of work on a residential construction project. In addition to the plan of the house and its facade, the package of documents required for construction is supplemented by an axonometric diagram of communications. It can be used to visually study a particular network: plumbing, heating,ventilation. The use of such drawings in the arrangement of complex systems is especially relevant. The presence of an axonometric view of the heating project simplifies the work of installers in the process.
What to look for when sketching
Before reflecting the axonometric scheme of space heating in paper or electronic form, a number of calculations are carried out. The scheme itself is based on the collected data:
- heat demand values for building rooms;
- typologies of heating devices, their number for each of the premises;
- basic decisions regarding the entire engineering network: the use of risers, the calculation of hydraulic branches and circuits, the order of connecting elements of the heating system;
- characteristics of pipeline sections: diameters and lengths of pipe fragments, valves, thermal controllers, hydraulic regulators.
Having received the corresponding calculations, their indicators are entered into the scheme. The axonometric diagram of the heating system necessarily contains the technical characteristics of each of the network nodes (boilers and pumps used), the length and diameter of pipes, heat consumption and information about other thermal properties of heating devices, such as radiators, convectors, registers.
Starting work on an axonometric drawing, first of all, determine the main ring of movement of the coolant - the path to the most remote of the elements from the boiler and back.
Summarizing what has been learned, let's say that axonometry is performed inmandatory, regardless of the type of communication system for structures of any type of purpose. With a graphical drawing in front of their eyes, installers can quickly determine how much work to do and what exactly the network looks like.
In order for the design, and after the installation of the water supply system, to be successful, it is necessary to correctly visualize the building itself and the communication branches inside it on a sheet or in electronic form. In this case, the graphic component of the project includes:
- general plan of the building;
- situational diagram;
- facade;
- plans for each floor;
- roof plan;
- axonometric diagrams: ventilation, heating, plumbing;
- cuts and other circuit diagrams.
Remember that when working with a correctly designed axonometry, there are no problems with the installation of engineering networks in 99.9% of cases. Because this stage is so important in designing a future house or high-rise building.
