Most of the brick ovens used for the home have basically the same design and manufacturing technology. Therefore, no matter what type of oven you choose for a brick house, you must adhere to certain rules and requirements for its manufacture. This applies to the place of its installation, and to the material used during installation, but, most importantly, to the technology of laying bricks.
Choose the place where the stove will stand
First of all, you need to decide on a place for the oven. It must be installed in a position that not only heats the largest possible area, but safety regulations must also be observed.
A gap of at least 15 cm must be observed between the rafters and the chimney. In addition, the hot parts of the stove must also be removed from walls, ceilings and other fire hazardous elements.
There are several basic schemes for small rooms, how you can place different types of stoves. As a rule, a brick oven for a house, the projects of which provide for the location in such a way as to heat as many rooms as possible, is placedat the junction of two or three rooms, while one of them is a kitchen. The only exception is the fireplace stove, which is usually installed in the largest room, on the wall opposite the entrance.
Safety requirements for the installation site
Due to the fact that the brick oven for the house is installed on a foundation specially poured for it, it is necessary to choose a place in such a way that you do not have to cut the ceiling and underground logs. A separate base that is not connected to the foundation of the house is required in almost all cases, even if the stove was designed with the house.
An exception can be made only for certain types of furnaces that have a small structural weight. So, for example, a low and wide brick cooking oven for a house, the designs of which involve the use of a minimum amount of material, is installed only on thermal insulation.
If the floor is on logs, it is a good idea to strengthen the flooring with additional jumpers before installing the stove. If a monolithic foundation is laid under the house, then an additional foundation is not necessary, it is enough to lay a litter and you can lay out a brick.
The pipe must be at least 1.5 m away from the roof ridge and be 0.5 m higher.
When a site is determined, a brick perimeter can be laid out on the floor to give a better idea of what it will look like in the future.
Foundation
As a rule, a brick oven for the home, folded by hand, is used inwooden houses installed on strip or rubble foundations. In this case, it is required to perform a full-fledged reinforced concrete or, if it is planned to bake on trenches, a tape-filled base.
After the place where the stove for the brick house will stand is determined, it is necessary to complete the foundation. The reliability and uniformity of the masonry, as well as the appearance of the future furnace, depend on how well it will be filled. Therefore, the pouring of the base should be approached with due attention.
The base is poured 5 cm wider on all sides than the future furnace, according to the general technology for making foundations. If modern materials are used, for example, Izospan D, it is enough to lay two layers of waterproofing: on a sand cushion under the base and on top of the foundation itself. Another way to perform waterproofing: sheets of asbestos 4-6 cm high are laid on top of the top layer of roofing material. Then roofing iron and, in the last layer, felt soaked in a very liquid masonry composition. After the felt has dried, bricks can be laid.
Basic rules for laying a brick oven
If you want to fold the stove so that it lasts as long as possible without requiring repair, and even more so re-laying, you must follow some requirements for the materials used and laying technology.
The brick oven for the house, built with your own hands, heats up quite unevenly throughout the body. Particularly high temperatures in the area of the firebox, which is due to the use of various masonry materials. First, it will allowsignificant savings on raw materials, since cheaper material can be used for some parts of the furnace. Secondly, the use of a clay-sand mixture throughout the body of the furnace is unreasonable. Such a solution has the peculiarity of strongly absorbing moisture, which leads to the destruction of the masonry in places that are not exposed to heat and drying.
Brick laying requirements
When choosing a brick, pay attention to its quality, which can be determined even visually. A good, high-quality brick is distinguished by a pinkish tint and a clear sonorous sound. You should not choose brick house stoves for laying bricks (photo below), the orange-red material is unburned raw materials, but the purple hue indicates burnt brick.
The first rows of the underfire part are laid from ordinary red brick with cement-based mortar.
The furnace and part of the convector in the places of greatest heating are made of mixed masonry of ordinary stove and fireclay bricks. In this case, a clay-sand mortar is used.
Part of the furnace, which is also heated, but not higher than 200 degrees, will be made using ceramic bricks, but already on a cement mixture.
At the top of the chimney, where the heating temperature does not exceed 80 degrees, ordinary red brick is used again.
Varieties of brick ovens
There are several basic typesovens:
- heating, designed exclusively for space heating, therefore it occupies a minimum of usable area;
- cooker, designed only for heating the stove, such an oven can be used even in summer, as it does not heat the surrounding air much;
- Heating and cooking, combining the characteristics of the two previous types. The most common option in the manufacture of a brick oven for a house (photo below);
- fireplace stove, used not only for space heating, but also as a decorative element for the interior of the room.
Heating or Dutch oven
The execution of a brick house stove, the drawings for which are given below, is the simplest, due to the minimum of structural elements in its manufacture. In addition, such an oven requires the least fuel consumption.
One of the main advantages is the ability to fit it into almost any room. At the same time, such a brick oven for the house warms up quickly enough, in just 1.5-2 hours, however, it cools down quite quickly in comparison with other types of ovens.
Among the shortcomings, one can note a rather low efficiency - less than 40%. In addition, to build a water heater into it, you will have to thoroughly break your head. The problem is that the flow of hot air that moves in the oven cannot be disturbed by the inclusion of additional elements. This leads, firstly, to a large decrease in efficiency, and secondly, to the appearance of a large amount of soot.
Cookers
"Cooking" does not mean at all that this stove is not capable of heating housing, with a room of up to 50 square meters. m she can handle it. However, its main function is still cooking, so the main heat is spent on heating a thick cast-iron stove with two burners. Cast iron is used to improve heat transfer.
The main advantage of such an oven is the possibility of cooking in areas where there are frequent power outages, besides, any food turns out to be much tastier on a live fire. It is beneficial to install a similar brick oven for the home, on wood, and for preparing feed for livestock and poultry, steaming cereals and drying dried fruits. In addition, the design of the stove involves its use in the summer, when there is absolutely no need for excessive heat in the house.
The disadvantage of a cooking stove is that it is unrealistic to use it for full heating in winter. Even if you increase the overall dimensions of the device, this will not increase its efficiency. Therefore, as an alternative, the generally accepted option is used, which combines the advantages of both types, while successfully compensating for their shortcomings.
Heating and cooking ovens
The most preferred option for permanent housing are heating and cooking stoves for a house made of bricks, combining all the functions of these devices. In addition, such stoves can be easily oriented in the room to obtain the most efficient heating of the home, and the standard setThe basic features can be completed with an oven, a drying niche, a lounger and a water tank. It all depends on the design of the heating and cooking stove that you choose.
For heating in such furnaces, a channel or bell design is used, each of which has its own advantages. A duct stove made of bricks for the home, on wood, warms up the room faster, while a bell-type stove allows you to maintain the optimum temperature for a long time. Therefore, for a residential building, it is better to use an option that combines these two structures.
Traditional Russian oven
The most common is the Russian stove, which can be used in two different modes. In the summer, it is used exclusively for the cooking process, due to the fact that the heating channels are closed with an additional damper and hot gas goes directly into the chimney. In winter, the damper is opened, which ensures the heating of the room. As a rule, an oven is built into the Russian stove, which is a kind of additional heat accumulator.
Often, a heated lounger is additionally attached to a stove for a brick house through the use of caps, which are performed without loss of efficiency of the entire device.
The disadvantage of the Russian stove is mainly its rather impressive size due to the removal of the hob separately from the body.
Swedish oven
Another option for cooking and heating stoves. This is a more compact device in which the hobhides in a recess. In addition, there is a special niche above the stove for drying various herbs, berries and other products.
What is another name for such stoves for a brick house - "Swede". Such a device has a lot of advantages in comparison with other stoves. Due to its design, the device has the highest efficiency - more than 60%, since the heating channels go to the entire brick oven for the house. Reviews using such a stove note that with small dimensions, this design is capable of heating up to 70 sq.m of a living space.
It is also possible to use it in different operating modes, while the possibility of smoke is practically excluded due to the design features of the chimney. In addition, it is possible to combine such a stove with a fireplace when both devices use the same chimney. If you place this design on the border of the living room and kitchen, then in the working room you will get a real stove with all the necessary attributes, and in the living room there is a cozy fireplace.
Fireplace stove
The advantages of a fireplace stove are not even worth describing, perhaps. Of course, you can’t cook borscht or meatballs on it, but one kind of open live fire can transform the whole look of even the most ordinary housing. In addition, it perfectly copes with the function of heating the room, and the fireplace will allow you to quickly warm up from the cold.
This design has two fireboxes - open and closed, which allows you to heat the room intwo modes. You can use the fireplace only from time to time, and in most cases, operate a conventional closed firebox.
Such stoves for a brick house, with the right design solution, can take up very little space and be light in weight, so in most cases it is not necessary for them to make a separate foundation. In addition, fireplaces have the ability to use not only wood and coal as fuel, but also various briquettes, which increases their efficiency.
