Every person dreams of their own land, where he could take a break from the bustling city life. However, in order to spend time comfortably, the site needs to be equipped. Most often there are problems with water. It is not always possible to connect the house to the water supply system. In this case, the only way out is to drill a well. But here quite a lot of problems begin, because finding groundwater and getting to it is not so easy. The article will describe in detail how to find water for a well on the site and how to drill it correctly.
General information
Groundwater can be found in several layers of soil. As a rule, there are no more than two or three of them. In this case, the depth can be completely different. As a rule, the water that is near the surface is not suitable for drinking, but it can be used for domestic needs and irrigation. The deeper it is, the less itcontains harmful impurities. According to experts, the highest quality in terms of mineral composition is water extracted at a depth of 30 to 50 meters. Water on the site (the well must be drilled using a certain technology, which will be described later) is of the following types:
- Non-pressure. It is located in the upper layers of the soil and does not exceed the level at which it is located before the arrangement of the well.
- Pressure. It flows to the surface under high pressure, since the layer is sandwiched between two impermeable layers. It does not require a pump to extract it.
- Ground. Water that accumulates in the ground as a result of precipitation. It is located at a depth of up to three meters, but its volume is very small, so you should not count on its use on a permanent basis.
- Infiltration. It seeps into the upper layers of the soil from reservoirs located nearby.
Here one very important question arises: how to find water for a well on the site, suitable not only for domestic needs, but also for drinking? There are several tried and true methods that will be discussed later in this article.
A few words about aquifers
If you are planning to drill wells for water in a summer cottage, then first of all you should understand how deep you have to break through to get to an underground source. This requires at least some knowledge about the structure of the soil in your region. Some layers act as a water filter, while othersdetain her, not allowing her to go to the surface. It is due to them that underground reservoirs are formed. The key factors on which the depth of the source depends are the type of relief and climatic conditions. Moreover, the more layers there are, the better the quality of the water. Therefore, when drilling, it is recommended to make wells of great depth, since in this case the life-giving moisture will have a better mineral composition, and it also does not need to be filtered and disinfected before being used for personal needs. According to experts, the artesian layer, located at a depth of more than a hundred meters, has the greatest value.
Basic search methods
Let's take a closer look at this. In order to correctly determine where to drill a well under water on a site, it is necessary to find its location. The following methods will help you with this:
- search with aluminum frames;
- analysis of plant settlement on a plot of land;
- observation of animal behavior;
- using professional instruments.
How to find water for a well on the site using each of the above methods? The answer to this question will be given below. Any method has its pros and cons, and also has certain features, so you need to dwell on each in more detail.
Searching for water with frames
What is the peculiarity of this method? If you want to know where to drill a well for water on the site, then one can help you with this.the old way. It is based on the use of two aluminum frames. To make them, you need to take two straight pieces of wire about 40 centimeters long, one end of which needs to be bent at an angle of 90 degrees.
Holding the frames in your hands, you need to press your elbows tightly to the body, and stretch your arms perpendicular to the ground. In this position, you must walk on the land. Once you are above the groundwater source, the frames should cross. For the search, you can use one construction. In this case, the beginning of its rotation or deviation in any direction will serve as a guideline.
Searching for water using a wooden twig
You can determine where the water is on the site (the well can be of very different depths), using a cutting with a forked end. He is picked up, spreading the branching to the sides by about 150 degrees. As soon as you are above the source, the "fork" will begin to reach for the ground. It is best to use the following types of trees for searching:
- maple;
- tavolka;
- alder;
- bulrush;
- apple tree;
- willow;
- plum.
All of the above plants are excellent indicators of underground water deposits, so they allow you to quickly and accurately find them.
Observation of animal behavior
So what do you need to know about this? The search for water in the area for the well can also be done with the help of our four-legged friends. To youyou just have to watch their behavior. Among the main characteristic signs that you should pay attention to are the following:
- cats love to rest in the summer heat on plots of land under which there are underground waters, while dogs, on the contrary, avoid them;
- near deposits close to the surface of the earth, chickens will never lay eggs;
- ants create anthills as far as possible from groundwater sources;
- flocks of midges and mosquitoes always fly near sources of moisture.
All these signs will help you understand where to look for groundwater and where it is not.
Watching plants
How can green crops help? Representatives of the flora, like no other, need water, so with their help you can also find groundwater. The best indicator is birch. If she has a small height and the column is curved, then she grows directly above the source. In addition, you can use the observation of the following plants:
- maple;
- woodlouse;
- bulrush;
- horsetail;
- sorrel;
- nettle.
Their abundance is observed in areas of land with high humidity. But coniferous tree species, on the contrary, grow on plots of land with dry soil, so it makes no sense to look for a source of groundwater near them.
Using the barometer
What is the peculiarity of this method. deviceto measure pressure can also help determine where the water well should be in a summer cottage. Especially accurately, it allows you to calculate the depth at which the underground source is located. A change in readings by 0.1 millimeter of mercury is equivalent to one meter. You must first measure the pressure on the shore of any reservoir located near your land. Next, you need to make similar measurements in a place where, in your opinion, there is groundwater.
Folk omens
Let's take a closer look at this. There are a few more signs that will help you understand where underground water deposits may be. Our ancestors for many centuries managed to find places for wells using the following signs:
- Fog descends in the evenings in places where there is underground water.
- A large amount of dew in the morning on the grass and plants indicates the presence of water sources near the surface.
- To find groundwater, you can put the jar upside down for a while. If condensation forms on its walls, then there is a source in the ground.
- Dig in a pot of silica gel wrapped in a piece of cloth for a day. If after this time the fabric is wet, then this is a sure sign of the presence of groundwater.
If you do not trust folk signs, then you can use the modern method, which has 100 percent accuracy. You will need to test drill a water well in the area. For thisit is necessary to break into the ground by about 10 meters. If the hole begins to gradually fill with water, then you are on the right track. Having gone to great depths, you will certainly stumble upon an underground source.
Optimal time to search
This aspect should be given special attention. Above, the most common and effective methods were considered that will determine where a well should be drilled under water in the area. But in order to achieve good accuracy, you need to search at a certain time of day. Despite the fact that underground sources do not go anywhere, nevertheless, the effectiveness will be different. According to experts in the field of finding groundwater, the lowest accuracy of the search will be in the evening, namely from 6 to 7 and from 10 to 11 o'clock in the afternoon. It is best to look for a place to drill a well in the early morning from 5 to 6 am and in the evening from 8 to 9. It is during this period that the accuracy of searches using the methods described above will be the highest.
General tips and tricks
Before you start drilling wells in the area under water, you need to consider several basic aspects. The most important are the following:
- Regardless of the method of finding an underground source, it must be at a sufficient depth so that the water is clean, safe and usable. In no case should it be located above the contaminated soil layer.
- In some regions, due to the features of the relief described abovethe rule cannot be met. In this case, a well should be drilled to the maximum allowable depth.
- If there are any bodies of water near your land, such as rivers or lakes, then it is worth drilling as close as possible to them. But in this case, the water may be a little cloudy due to the soil not filtering it well enough.
These are very important rules that must be observed if you want your well to produce clean, saturated with all the necessary minerals water. If, nevertheless, you could not find a source that meets all quality standards, then in this case you need to use special cleaning systems. Using dirty water can be hazardous to he alth and lead to the development of various diseases.
Most common mistakes
Let's take a closer look at this. As practice shows, many people face a lot of problems when drilling wells. This is due to the fact that they make certain mistakes. The most common are:
- errors in determining the aquifer;
- drilling depth too deep;
- top layers were not cut off;
- Insufficient distance traveled to underground source;
- casing leak;
- Inappropriate well filter.
All these mistakes are the most common ones that the vast majority of people face when they decide to drill a well in their country house, but do not havesufficient experience or certain knowledge. With an understanding of them, you can do everything right and provide yourself with clean drinking water.
What the experts say
This article gave a detailed answer to the question of how to find water for a well on the site. Professionals in this field claim that all methods work one hundred percent and have high accuracy. Therefore, you can safely use any of them.
