Hydraulic distributors are devices whose main function is to control the movement of fluid flows in an existing system, which is due to the influence of an external signal. The most often regulating element of this system is made in the form of a valve or a spool. The main goal of such devices is to provide the least effort required for switching, as well as to minimize leaks and reduce pressure losses in the event that a leak does occur.
The hydraulic distributor is made from various grades of steel, modified cast iron and bronze by casting. Structural elements are protected by nitriding and cementing to meet the required specifications.
The classification of these devices is carried out mainly by the type of regulatory parts. In this regard, there are crane, valve, jet and spool systems. Let's take a closer look at some of them.
Crane hydraulic distributor is the most widely used. Such a system is different in that the main shut-off element, which is responsible for changing the flow of the working fluid, is the valve plug. It can be conical, flat, spherical or cylindrical. The tightness of this design is determined by the tight fit of the valve body and the plug itself. Often a similar hydraulic distributor is used in auxiliary systems.
The hydraulic control valve is easy to manufacture, reliable operation and long service life. The undoubted advantage of these systems is also their high level of tightness. Structurally, the flow of the working fluid is changed by alternately opening and closing certain valves. The hydraulic distributor can be equipped with a manual, electrical and mechanical drive, necessary for the movement of the valves.
Spool systems, in turn, have a regulating element of a flat or cylindrical shape, which makes it possible to change the flow of the working fluid by means of axial movements of the main structural part - the spool. The hydraulic distributor can be equipped with several internal channels in one body, and also have one or more belts.
In addition to the main classification, of course, there is an additional one that allows you to distinguish between hydraulic valves by methodsconnection to the main system. There are three different versions: threaded, butt and flanged. Each of them is used in special cases and directly depends on the purpose of the distributor. In addition, the volume of liquid passing through it also plays an important role. For example, spool valves are used in cases where it is necessary to redirect a large flow of working fluid, and crane valves, in turn, are installed on systems with low flow rates or are used as auxiliary equipment.
