Construction of the base for roofing is considered the smallest part of the work in terms of volume of work in the list of major construction activities. The foundation, the construction of walls and partitions usually require a lot of effort and material investment. Nevertheless, the roof is the most important component in the design of any building, so the implementation of this measure should be approached responsibly. Loads in the form of precipitation, gusts of wind and other mechanical influences can violate the tightness and integrity of the roof. Therefore, you should carefully approach the creation of the foundation on which the roof will be fixed in the future. The installation of rafters and battens is considered by experts as the most significant stage on which the reliability of the roofing depends. There are different approaches to the installation of this part of the structure, the choice of which is largely determined by the characteristics of the final flooring.
Installation of the rafter system
Even a well-installed crate will not provide the necessary load-bearing function if it was installed on a weak truss system. Therefore, it is important to mount it correctly.
First of all, the Mauerlat is attached - beams,which will act as the basis for the sections of the structure. The best option involves the use of a solid Mauerlat, fixed with anchor bolts. Next, the rafter legs are fixed to the installed elements. Then you can start assembling the sections. The choice of the configuration of their location and attachment to each other is determined by what the installation of the roof lathing of the house will be.
Based on the general plan, a drawing is drawn up, after which the structure is assembled on the ground. The finished system must be lifted to the roof - usually this is done by means of a winch. When one of the sides is maximally pressed against the base of the building, it can be released from the cables and fixed with ties and crossbars. The basis of the fastening will be the corners with bolts, which will allow you to securely fasten the rafters to the Mauerlat.
Laying underlay membrane
A common mistake many inexperienced roofers make is to ignore insulation measures. The tightness of the roof, the absence of dampness in the attic and the general comfort in the premises depend on the quality of this stage. After installing the rafters, you can start laying the appropriate protective materials. Regardless of the technique by which the lathing will be installed, the structure can be insulated at the bottom using superdiffusion membranes. This layer will provide vapor permeability and waterproofing. But it may not be the only roofing material - sometimes membranes are supplemented with insulation. The very process of laying such a coating is of particular complexity.does not represent. The membrane is delivered in the form of rolls, which are spread out at the workplace and laid over the entire area of the rafters. The strips can be overlapped and fixed with glue or special hardware.
The nuances of choosing wood for crates
The selection of materials for the supporting structure under the roof should be approached carefully, and this is especially true for wood. It is desirable that the installation of the crate is made of coniferous material, for example, spruce and pine. This is an easy-to-work tree that will provide flexibility and strength during the life of the roof. It is also important to consider the type of material. Of course, the first category would be the ideal choice, but if financial possibilities exclude such an acquisition, then you can limit yourself to the second grade. However, such structural elements should first be treated with antiseptics.
Another significant choice parameter is humidity. If the inside is supposed to be protected in the form of a plasterboard coating, then wood with a moisture content of not more than 20% can be used. If it is planned to install a crate, part of which will have direct access to air, then the use of wood with a moisture content of more than 20% is not excluded.
Installation of battens for siding
For the installation of siding panels, it is worth preferring a wooden crate. This choice is justified by the flexibility of the material, which will not allow the outer coating to deform. During the installation process, it is importantobserve uniformity, that is, all the rails must be in the same plane. The fastening itself is carried out with hanging brackets or ordinary nails. If the base has irregularities, then you can adjust the position of the frame using wedges. As a rule, the installation of the crate for siding is carried out with an element step of 20-30 cm. But in each case, this distance should be calculated individually. The larger the working area, the longer the setback - this is the main rule that roofers follow in this design.
Installation of the crate under the metal tile
The complexity of the frame device for metal tiles is due to the fact that profiles can have different corrugations and sizes. By the way, siding in this sense is more standardized. If a continuous crate is planned, then it is better to use boards with parameters of 3, 2 x 10 cm or bars of 5 x 5 cm. Fixation is carried out close to the base in increments of 10 cm.. Accordingly, the installation of the crate under the metal tile must take into account the high loads on the structure. For fastening, you can use nails 3 mm thick, while their length should be twice the cross section of the board. A feature of the installation of the frame under the metal tile is the wide presence of metal fittings for fasteners. Various brackets and corners, acting as an additional means of fastening, are most common in roofs of a large area. If a standardgable system for a small house, then it is quite possible to get by with slats, which are fastened with frequent steps with nails.
Installation of lathing under a soft roof
The installation of a soft roof can be called the most demanding and even capricious type of such work. This material is laid on a flat solid flooring, so the crate will be carried out in two stages. First of all, the frame is mounted. Its features will be the frequent step of the rails and the utmost accuracy. Next, a smooth protective coating is formed, on which a soft roof will subsequently lie. If the installation of the roof batten can be carried out using the same bars and battens, then chipboard, plywood or other wood-based material with similar characteristics should be used as additional flooring. The main thing is that initially the design of the rafters is well insulated. In addition, the ends of the base must be rounded to ensure a smooth transition of the decorative roof.
Features of mounting a plastic crate
Usually, metal is considered as an alternative material for lathing. Wood does not always achieve the required strength, so it is replaced with profile elements. However, in some cases, a plastic crate is also acceptable, the installation of which involves some differences, but in general the attachment technique remains the same. Fixation is carried out through special holes in the elements using bolts orself-tapping screws. But the peculiarity of plastic panels for battens is that their design makes it possible to more securely fasten to the rafters using a groove system. There are different models of such elements that should be selected specifically for the needs of a particular roof.
Installing the counter grille
By design, this type of crate is in many ways reminiscent of a traditional frame formed by slats or boards. Its fundamental difference lies in the additional strengthening of the system due to insulation with roofing material. It has already been noted that the design should provide for the presence of a heater and a vapor-tight membrane. But in this case, the function of protective roof barriers is enhanced. That is, first roofing material or other material with similar properties is laid, and then the installation of the crate on the rafters on top of the insulating deck. The configuration of the arrangement of elements can be either sparse or solid. The main thing is to provide enough space under the roof to prevent the formation of condensate. This is especially important when fixing wooden battens, which are damaged by accumulated moisture.
Conclusion
The variety of materials for creating roofing determines the requirements for both the truss system and the supporting frame. In turn, the installation of the crate cannot be carried out without taking into account the operational requirements for the final coating. For example, metal decks require a higher degree of structural reinforcement. In this case, it is importantprovide high-quality material for creating crates that can withstand weathering. For siding, on the contrary, physical strength is not so important, and the flexibility of the frame comes to the fore, which is ensured by properly selected rails.
