For several decades, engineers and builders have been tirelessly trying to find the most effective and natural way to help the walls of buildings get rid of excess moisture. This made it possible to develop a ventilation facade, the installation of which you can do yourself. Any material can be used as a finish for this, but below we will talk about installing porcelain stoneware. The described system is a complex structure, which is performed in several stages. Errors during installation can cause problems during the first years of operation of the building. Most often they are expressed in the improper functioning of the ventilated system, which leads to its complete failure. If you do not have enough experience in conducting such work, then it is better to entrust them to specialists who know the intricacies of installation.
Preparatory stage: marking placesmounts
If you decide to equip the ventilation facade, the installation of which must be carried out according to a certain technology, then at the first stage marking work is carried out. Bearing brackets will be installed on the surface of the walls in the designated places, which is why this stage should be carried out in accordance with the design technical documentation. To begin with, beacon lines are defined. One of them is the bottom horizontal. You can determine the extreme points using a level, and after they are marked, a gap should be marked between them, along which the brackets will be installed. In this case, the master must use a laser level and a tape measure. In order to determine the extreme vertical lines along the facade, an overhang should be lowered from the parapet of the building, which will allow marking vertical lines at the extreme horizontal points.
Installation of brackets
Ventilated facade, the installation of which involves the installation of brackets, will be held on the frame system. Using a puncher, you will need to drill holes in the wall into which the paronite gaskets are installed. Next, you can proceed with the installation of the supporting brackets, for which a screwdriver and anchor dowels are used.
Installation of wind and hydroprotective and heat-insulating layers
Quite often in recent times for decorating externalwalls used ventfasad. The installation of this system should include the laying of insulation, as well as a protective layer. Through the slots for the brackets, the master hangs the thermal insulation plate, and then the membrane sheet of the wind and hydroprotective layer. The resulting system is temporarily fixed. In this case, it is necessary to observe the overlap of the canvases, which is approximately 100 millimeters. Holes should be drilled through the windproof film and thermal insulation, where plate-shaped dowels are installed.
The installation of thermal insulation boards starts from the bottom row. The plates are pre-installed on the base or starting profile, and only after that their installation is carried out in the direction from bottom to top. It should be noted that the plates are hung in a checkerboard pattern horizontally, while it should not be forgotten that there should not be through holes between the elements. If necessary, the insulation can be cut with a hand tool, and sometimes the project provides for two-layer insulation. In this case, plate-shaped dowels should be used, with which the inner plates are fixed to the wall. It is necessary to install about two fasteners on the plate, but more is possible. The outer plate is fixed in such a way that it is staggered in relation to other elements, and fastening is carried out using a similar technology.
Installing guides
Ventilated facade (installation), the photo of which you must study and consider in advance, provides for the presence of guides that are installed onnext step. They are attached to the adjusting brackets; for this, a profile is mounted in the grooves of the bearing and support brackets. Rivets will be needed to fix the profile to the supporting brackets. The profile is mounted freely to the adjustable parts, which ensures unhindered vertical movement - this is necessary to prevent temperature deformations. In those places where there will be vertical joints of the profiles, a gap of about 8 millimeters is left, which prevents deformation during humidity and temperature fluctuations. When the porcelain stoneware ventilation façade is being installed, fire protection cut-offs can be installed at the next stage.
Installation of cladding
Tile installation works are carried out in a certain order. To fasten the clamps, it is necessary to mark the locations of the holes on the guides. To do this, use an electric drill. Clamps are installed in strict accordance with the project, and they are fixed with rivets to the T-shaped profile. In this case, the fastener is installed in the drilled holes. Self-tapping screws should be used as a mounting element.
Varieties of ceramic granite fastening technologies
If you decide to use the technique of ennobling external walls, which is called a ventilation facade, you must definitely study the installation technology. It involves the use of one of two methods of fixing porcelain stoneware. The first assumes the presencevisible seams. It is simpler, while the T-profile is masked - it will need to be painted in the same color as the tile. If you want to deprive the surface of the seams, then the porcelain stoneware is strengthened to two guides using a horizontal cut. This allows not only to eliminate the presence of seams, but also to reduce the load on the structure.
Recommendations from tile installers
Recently, the technology of finishing external walls, which is called a ventilated facade - installation of porcelain stoneware, is considered quite popular. Photos of this system will allow you to understand how the walls look after the completion of work. Vertically, it will be necessary to install beacons, the step between which should be the same. This will greatly facilitate the installation process of the structure. The horizontal distance will be determined by the dimensions of the plates: if you have those that have a side of 400 millimeters, then the step will be 410 millimeters, while if you increase the side to 600 millimeters, the step increases to 610 millimeters. When marking the places for mounting the brackets, holes for the anchors should be made, while the depth should be slightly larger compared to the length of the anchor. Fasteners should be selected based on the mass of the cladding, as well as the bearing capacity of the facade. Porcelain stoneware is fixed with clamps, which must be made of stainless or galvanized steel.
Recommendations for exposed fixing porcelain tiles
If you choose to use thistechnology, we must take into account that the clamps will be visible after completion of the work. They are located on top of the panel, and after installation work they are most often covered with powder thermal enamel. The main thing is to choose a color that would fit the lining. This mounting option is considered cheaper than the others, therefore it is more common. Among other things, with this fastening, air can freely exit and enter the system anywhere in the facade, providing constant ventilation.
Tips for implementing closed-joint porcelain stoneware fastening
This technology is not only more labor intensive, but also expensive. The cladding provides for slots made in the lower and upper ribs, where the clamps are placed. Due to this, the fastener is invisible, and the seam becomes minimal and invisible. This method provides air supply from below, and flows only from above. Docking places that are formed between window and door openings should be lined with metal, which is represented by curved sheets. It is painted in the same color as the facing material.
Expense
If you decide to equip a ventilated porcelain stoneware facade, the consumption of materials per 1 m2 should be calculated. To do this, you need to determine the area of \u200b\u200beach wall, and then the area of window and door openings. The areas of all the walls are added together, and from this value the area of the openings folded together should be subtracted. Then the area of \u200b\u200bone tile is determined depending on its size, at the next stage the first value obtained during the calculations is divided by two -this will allow you to understand how many tiles you need to purchase.
Conclusion
Ventilated porcelain stoneware façade, for which you can calculate the consumption of materials without assistance, looks very attractive, but to achieve a positive result, you must follow the above recommendations.
