The roof in any house is the face of the owner, protection from the weather, the safety of its inhabitants. Roof rafters are the carrier, the main part of the structure and the main element. The appearance of the house depends on their construction. First you need to figure out what types of coverage exist. Roofs are flat and pitched. The latter are divided into three design options, depending on the number of slopes and engineering solutions:
- single slope;
- double slope;
- multi-pitched.
In the installation of the roof, one can distinguish: hipped, hip, semi-hip, mansard and other roofs. Rafter systems can be layered and hanging. As a rule, in practice, a combination of several types of truss structures is used.
Building the roof of a house always starts with design. It is necessary to calculate the strength of the influence of external factors. Take into account additional possibilities for the functional use of the roof, taking as a basis its main task - the protection and safety of the house. A properly planned roof can help increase the living or utility area of a building. Here you can arrange a rest room andguests, use the space for storing household equipment and blanks. The following must be taken into account when calculating:
- the strength and speed of the wind in the region of the house under construction;
- the amount of annual precipitation characteristic of the area;
- a characteristic of the material (weight, strength, etc.) from which the roof will be made.
Rafters for shed roofs have the simplest design. They are used for outbuildings, summer kitchens, and also in cases where the house has walls of different heights or is located in a mountainous area. The roof covering is turned to the windward side. The truss system is used layered. These are two inclined beams in relation to each other, connected in the upper part by a ridge, and in the lower parts resting on two longitudinal beams, which are called "Mauerlat". The angle of inclination is determined individually, taking into account the necessary parameters and existing conditions.
For low-rise construction, mainly for summer cottages, gable types are used - they are the most economical and reliable. Rafters for the roof are used both layered and hanging. To install the first option, it is necessary to have internal longitudinal walls and pillars. In their absence, only the external walls of the house and the hanging truss system are used to connect the structure, which provides for the presence of puffs - horizontal beams that are the support for the rafter pillars, their reinforcement and uniform load distribution. This provides the necessary stability and fixation of the middle of the structure. Depending on the weight of the roofing material and possible precipitation, roof rafters consist of racks, struts, stops, crossbars. The whole system is called "truss truss". Its most reliable shape is a triangle. The material for manufacturing is coniferous wood with pre-treatment with fire-fighting and antiseptic agents. It is worth warning that if you do not have experience in the construction of this type of structure, then professional roofers should do the roof rafters.
