Raspberry tree - a standard form of ordinary raspberries. It got its name due to its resemblance to a tree acquired during the pruning process. What are the main varieties of standard raspberries and what kind of harvest can you get from them?
History of occurrence
Regular raspberries bear fruit once a year, in summer. At a time when the harvest ripens on last year's stems, young ones grow around. They will harvest next year.
Remontant raspberry varieties have become popular not so long ago. They bear fruit all summer and autumn. But the fruits do not ripen on one stem. In spring, they form on last year's shoots, and towards the end of summer - on young ones that appeared in spring.
If last year's shoots are cut from autumn or early spring, then the entire crop will form on young ones. The fruits will start to ripen a little earlier, there will be more.
One of the disadvantages of this kind of varieties is the thickening of raspberry plantings. By the middle of summer, young lashes grow, last year's lashes intertwine with them, and all together fall to the ground. Standard raspberry varieties are largely devoid of these shortcomings. The stems are strong, they can hold the crop and mass of leaves. Although tying on a trellis does not hurt them. Root growth is destroyed shortly after its appearance.
In fact, the raspberry tree is a representative of a new generation of this plant. So called varieties of intensive type with long strong stems.
One of the progenitors of many varieties of intensive type is Glen Ample (Scotland). 3.5 kg of fruit from a bush gives this red raspberry tree. Gardeners' reviews claim that during industrial plantings, about 20 kg of fruits are harvested per hectare.
The next varieties were Glen Fine with an extended fruiting period, Glen Lyon early. The fruits of the Magna variety are larger than those of Glen Ample. Now many promising varieties of raspberry have been created, including remontant ones.
The color of the berries is distinguished by the raspberry tree Gold. Consumer reviews say they are delicious and flavorful.
Standard varieties of Russian selection
In the last decades of the last century, standard varieties of Russian selection were created. These are Tarusa, Krepysh, Monika, Skazka. Varieties Tarusa and Krepysh are similar in external data. They differ slightly in the appearance of leaves and roots. Experts believe that it makes no sense to grow both varieties. Raspberry tree Robust reviews advise growing gardeners involved in the propagation and sale of bushes, and those who grow berries - Tarusa.
The stalk of Tarusa differs from many others in the absence of thorns. Brown colour. Shoot height about 2m. The leaves are large, with noticeable veins. Young stems are covered with a wax coating. The fruits are oblong, oval, red in color, the weight of one can reach 12 g. They taste sweet, tender, with a pleasant taste and aroma.
Raspberry sellers often announce a harvest of up to 15 kg per bush. But experienced gardeners who grow these varieties claim that it is realistic to collect up to 4 kg of berries from a bush with good care. An error may occur when estimating the number of ripening berries. If you multiply the average weight of one fruit by the approximate number of ovaries, this figure will not be accurate. Indeed, most often a significant number of them do not ripen, dry out in the absence of moisture, or have a weight significantly less than average.
Crimson tree frost resistance
Varieties Tarusa and Krepysh can withstand frosts up to 30 degrees. But when growing, you need to focus on 25 degrees below zero. The presence of snow cover and drafts matters here.
Pruning standard raspberries
To form a raspberry of this kind in the shape of a tree, you need to trim the stems in two stages. The first time the tops of young shoots are pinched in early summer. At the same time, they should grow to no less than 1 m 20 cm. They tear off up to 10 cm, which stops growth and causes the formation of lateral literals. By autumn, about ten of them are formed. The length of each is from 40 to 90 cm.
In the spring of next year, the old stem is cut out, and the side shoots are shortened so that their length is about 40 cm.ripens up to 2 dozen berries.
This method increases the yield of raspberries. But if the first pinching is done late, the side branches will not have time to ripen and freeze.
Reproduction of standard raspberries
The raspberry tree reproduces in two ways:
- root cuttings;
- root growth.
This shows the difference between varieties. To determine the variety of a raspberry tree, reviews advise you to carefully look at the root. Tarusa usually forms a small number of cuttings. Its root is quite thin. For Krepysh, it is much larger, in shape - muscular. You can get a lot more planting material from it.
Raspberry Krepysh (raspberry tree) reviews are advised to propagate by shoots from the roots. No need to cut it around the bush in summer.
Dig up the resulting sprouts with a shovel along with part of the root. Planted in a permanent place. Water the bushes regularly, especially if they are not mulched.
Reproduction by root shoots
It's a little harder to propagate Tarusa (crimson tree). Reviews advise doing this with root cuttings. First, they dig a bush, choose roots with buds and cut cuttings from them.
Growing cuttings is carried out in a mixture of peat with coarse sand. When sprouts appear, the cuttings are transplanted into another dish. The next spring they are planted in the ground.
You can stimulate the appearance of shoots by cutting the stem of a raspberry tree.
Planting and care
Reviews of gardeners indicate that growing this type of raspberryeasy.
The quality of the soil is of great importance. She must be fertile. To improve the quality of the soil, humus and compost are introduced. If it is too acidic, add slaked lime. In loose soil, it will be easier for raspberry roots to multiply, releasing shoots.
Where does Tarusa raspberry (raspberry tree) grow best? Reviews of gardeners say that they are looking for a sunny place for planting, but in some cases it grows well in partial shade. This can save you from drought if there is no way to irrigate plantings. Berries may be less sweet, but larger. Often a raspberry tree is planted on the border of the garden on the south side. But in heavy shade, the fruits will be sour, and the plants will be weak. At the same time, raspberry root shoots can interfere with tree care.
Groundwater should not come close to the surface of the soil. This can lead to root rot. If there are no such sites, you can plant bushes on high ridges.
Before planting at the bottom of a pit or trench, layers of peat, humus, sawdust, compost are laid, sprinkling them with earth.
The stem is cut to 40 cm, the bush is planted in the ground. The rest of the stem is cut off after the new stems reach 25 cm.
Features of cultivation
When forming raspberries by double pruning, each bush becomes branched. It looks nice, but they take up a lot of space. Therefore, the distance between the bushes in a row should be about 1.5 m, and the rows themselves should be at a distance of at least 2 m. Up to8 side shoots for fruiting.
Reviews of the raspberry tree indicate that its stem is strong, it does not fall to the ground, but can bend from the weight of leaves and fruits. Therefore, it can be fixed by tying each bush to a separate support. To do this, you need to drive a wooden stake near them and tie a bush to it. Tapestry can be used.
Raspberry root superficial. Therefore, the plant cannot produce water for itself in a drought. It needs to be compensated by watering, which is carried out as needed. It is especially important to provide the plant with sufficient moisture when the fruits are formed and ripen.
Feeding
Fertilize under the raspberry tree in spring. Use wood ash. Then the ground around needs to be watered. Before the raspberries bloom, and during the ripening of the fruits, a solution of mullein is added. Nitrogen fertilizers are applied to enhance growth, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied during fruit formation.
To make the moisture evaporate less, it is good to mulch the soil with humus. Reviews about the raspberry tree of experienced gardeners are advised to fertilize raspberries before mulching, laying chicken manure granules between rows. This improves the yield and condition of the bushes.
To make a bush look like a tree, you need to periodically remove the root shoots around it. This should be done at a depth of about 7 cm. They are left only if they are going to start breeding.
Using Raspberry
The fruits of the raspberry tree are widely used. They contain vitamin C and other beneficial substances. In cosmetology, an extract obtained from raspberries is used.
Berries are used to make delicious jam. They do not lose their medicinal properties even after processing. In summer, you need to eat as many fresh berries as possible. Reviews of the raspberry tree indicate that the fruits of the Tarusa and Krepysh varieties do not crumple during transportation. To do this, they must be carefully placed in plastic boxes so that they do not squeeze. You can freeze them, use dried. To do this, you can use fruits dried by the sun with insufficient moisture. They are collected with twigs, dried. Stored in banks. In winter, pour boiling water or add to regular tea.
Reviews of the raspberry tree say that in winter, colds are treated with the help of their fruits. Raspberry leaves are also used for this purpose. With their help, some intestinal diseases are treated. From the tops of branches in spring, you can get a delicious and he althy spring tea with raspberry flavor.
Diseases and pests of standard raspberries
Stamp raspberry varieties do not have sufficient resistance to diseases, in particular fungal ones. Therefore, they must be periodically treated with copper-containing preparations and fungicides.
In early spring, treat with a weak solution of Bordeaux mixture. In the summer they use "Skor" or "Fitosporin", a biological agent to combat fungal diseases.
BasicThe pest of the raspberry tree is the raspberry beetle. It damages the leaves and berries of the plant. Outwardly, the crimson beetle looks like a small gray weevil. Length - about 6 millimeters. The larvae of this beetle breed in the soil. If the ground under the bush is periodically loosened, some of the larvae will disappear. But this is not enough to fight insects. In the spring, during leafing and budding, the bushes are treated with insecticides.
Sometimes light spots appear on the leaves of the raspberry tree. They signal uncomfortable conditions. Perhaps the growing location is too dark or too humid.
