Before you start building the walls of your house, you need to put a good foundation under it, that is, lay the foundation. Foundation works occupy a very important place in construction. The pouring stage does not require special training and building qualifications, but the strength and durability of the base will depend on the quality of its execution, the correct choice of design and the selection of all necessary materials. That is why the attitude to the process of pouring the foundation should be very serious, and the execution should be well thought out.
What do you need to know about foundations in order to avoid irreparable mistakes in the future? Today, there are three types of foundation construction:
- tape;
- columnar;
- slab.
For example, if your house is built of bricks, then the ideal foundation for it is a strip one. It is important to correctly calculate the depth of soil freezing and carry out foundation work below it. As for the columnar base, it fits under light wooden and frame buildings. The slab foundation is laid according to the same principles, but differs in that the reinforced slab can be laid, regardless of the ground. For example, groundwater, swamp or sand is notcan prevent the slab foundation from bearing loads.
Construction materials
Building materials for the construction of the foundation are very diverse (brick, rubble stone, concrete). Before you do the calculation of the foundation for the cottage, for example, you need to foresee everything. The process of foundation work itself includes several stages:
- earthworks;
- laying the underground part of the foundation;
- construction of the plinth;
- waterproofing device.
Technology for applying strip foundations
The strip foundation is laid mainly under houses with heavy walls - these are stone, brick, concrete, adobe, and also in cases where there is a need to build a cellar or basement. This type of foundation is very strong and reliable, but it requires a lot of material, which is why it is expensive. It is economically more reasonable to fill them at shallow laying on dry soils.
Technology for using columnar foundations
Foundation works of this type are most in demand on the market. They are effective in heaving soils, laid under light buildings. The pillars of the base can be wooden, brick, concrete, stone, reinforced concrete. Installation is carried out at a distance of 1-2.5 meters from each other. A prerequisite is the installation of pillars at the corners of the house in places where walls intersect with load-bearing partitions and other places where the load falls.
Construction of a slab foundation
This type of foundation is common in highly compressible soils. Often, foundation blocks are used for larger houses. It should be remembered that by properly planning the construction of a house, you will get a strong and durable structure. And high-quality foundation work contributes to solving many problems in the future.
