If you want to make your home more comfortable, you should insulate its facade. A zealous owner will not place a layer of thermal insulation only indoors. This is due to many factors. Firstly, this way you will make the interior space less spacious. Secondly, external insulation allows you to shift the dew point outside the facade. Thirdly, such work can be performed without harming the interior decoration. The main thing in this case is only to choose a method of thermal insulation and cladding of external walls.
You may prefer a ventilated façade system, the installation of which involves the installation of panels or porcelain tiles. Some prefer wet technology. It involves the use of plaster. In order to make a choice, you should consider these options, having familiarized yourself with the technology of work.
Porcelain stoneware facades: preparation
The installation of a ventilated porcelain stoneware facade begins with the preparation stage. On the surface, mark the points by which you will navigate when installing the brackets. Lighthouse lines are initially defined. You will need to draw a bottom horizontal mark.
Defineextreme points can be done with a level. Vertical lines are marked along the facade. From the parapet for this, it is necessary to lower the plumb lines. Then you should start installing the brackets. Using a perforator, holes are made in the wall where the paronite gasket is installed. To fix the supporting brackets, you will need anchor dowels and a screwdriver.
Installation of wind and heat insulation
The technology of the porcelain stoneware facade at the next stage involves the installation of a layer of thermal insulation. The insulation plate is hung through the holes for the brackets. Next comes the wind protection, which will also perform the role of waterproofing. These layers are temporarily fixed. It is important to observe the overlap of the canvases, which is 100 mm.
Through the windproof film and thermal insulation, it is necessary to drill holes in the wall to install dish-shaped dowels. You need to start from the bottom row. Insulation plates are first installed on the plinth or starting profile. Then you can follow from the bottom up.
The canvases should be horizontally staggered. There should be no through gaps between the elements. If necessary, the plates are cut with a hand tool. When the project involves laying insulation in two layers, plate-shaped dowels are used. With the help of them, the inner plates are fixed on the wall.
Installing guides
The device of the facade of the house according to the technology of the ventilated system at the next stage providesinstallation of guides. Vertical profiles are attached to the brackets. Their fastening is carried out with rivets. In the support brackets, the profile is installed freely. This will ensure its vertical movement if temperature deformations occur. In places of vertical joining of profiles, 10 mm gaps must be left. This will prevent deformation during humidity fluctuations.
Wall cladding with stoneware
The facade device technology consists of several stages. On the next one, you can start facing. You can fasten in one of two ways - visible or invisible. In the first version, the elements of the fastening system will protrude beyond the coating. In this case, the frame is made of metal and will be profiles on which panels are attached using self-tapping screws.
You can also install on:
- clips;
- rivets;
- kleimers.
After finishing work, the fasteners are painted in the color of porcelain stoneware. The device of the facade of the building with the help of porcelain stoneware panels is usually accompanied by the use of invisible fasteners. This allows you to make the outer walls appear monolithic.
Mounting methods may vary. Sometimes glue is used. In this case, the plates are installed on the bearing profiles. If the fastening is mechanical (hidden), then holes are pre-drilled in the products for installation on anchor dowels. But if profiles are used, then cuts are made at the ends of the finish.
Another method -the use of pins that replace dowels. Mounting can be combined. It allows you to achieve the greatest reliability. The technology is a combination of mechanical and adhesive fasteners. The boards are glued to the profiles and additionally fixed with mechanical fasteners.
Facade device technology using panels
When you decide to use panels for decoration, you will have to choose the material. It may be single layer. In this case, the basis is polyvinyl chloride, which imitates brick or masonry. PVC panels have fillers that improve the performance of the cladding.
Multilayer products are also called thermal panels. They should not be confused with sandwich panels, which are used to build partitions and walls. It is based on a solid insulation and a protective outer layer. As thermal insulation can act:
- bas alt or mineral wool;
- styrofoam;
- extruded polystyrene foam;
- polyurethane foam;
- foam glass.
The installation of facades from panels involves several stages, the first of which is to check the condition of the walls. On a well-prepared surface, the panels are fixed without glue or mounting foam. You can use self-tapping dowels or anchors for this.
If the base is rather uneven, then the panels can be installed with foam or glue. The method of mounting on the frame is also used. It consists increating a facade covered with metal profiles or wooden slats. This technology provides for insulation. The facade device involves the installation of thermal insulation, and then the panels themselves are mounted. This technology also allows you to create a ventilated facade system. A narrow layer of air will remain between the plates and the thermal insulation.
If you want to use thermal panels, then you can cut them with a grinder with a diamond blade. At the lower mark of the facade, a starting profile is installed, which is fastened with dowel-screws. Installation should start from the corner. Plate-shaped dowels with a flat head are used to fasten the panels. Under each dowel, holes are drilled in the insulation for the diameter of the head. It is important that, after installing the fastener, it is flush with the thermal insulation and does not interfere with the junction of the cladding products.
You can additionally fix the panels with self-tapping dowels. For them, holes are drilled, which should be placed in the seams between the tiles. After completion of work, traces are hidden with putty. It will need to match the color to the wall.
Stucco facade technology
Wet finishing is so popular because of the minimal amount of cold bridges. At the preparatory stage, the foundation should be assessed. The wall is cleaned of dirt, and then checked for load-bearing and adhesive characteristics. Damaged finishes are removed and replaced with new ones.
If the facade is uneven, then errors can be eliminated with the help of plastersolution. The technique involves the installation of a profile bar. It will help to evenly distribute the load from the thermal insulation boards that are laid next.
The profile is fixed at a height of 0.4 m from the ground level. Self-tapping screws or dowels can act as fasteners. Next, you can proceed to install the heat-insulating layer.
The device of the plaster facade usually involves the use of polystyrene foam boards or mineral wool. Installation of thermal insulation is carried out on the basement profile. It is necessary to retreat 3 cm from the edge of the plate and apply the adhesive solution around the perimeter. In the central space, the glue is applied pointwise. You should fill about 40% of the slab area.
The insulation is well pressed against the wall and adjacent plates. Excess glue is removed. 3 days after these works, the thermal insulation layer is additionally reinforced with dowels. Then you can proceed to install the reinforcing layer.
The facade device involves the processing of corner bevels of door and window openings. The reinforcement process will look like this: an adhesive composition is applied to the insulation, into which a reinforcing fiberglass mesh is embedded. A covering layer of the same composition is applied over it.
Finishing stage
After the reinforcing layer has dried, which will happen in about a week, a final layer of plaster is applied on top. The mixture must be moisture-resistant, steam-conducting and resistant to mechanical stress. The basement part followswaterproof. Additionally, this area of the building is insulated with materials with a reduced moisture permeability coefficient.
When to start decorating
Wet technology facade installation is carried out after the installation of the roof and electrical wiring, as well as the installation of doors and windows. Work must be carried out in the warm season. The base layer is protected from direct sunlight, otherwise the material may become cracked. This also applies to precipitation, they can wash off dry plaster. She is covered for about a day. Matte polyethylene is ideal for this.
Decoration
Façade construction using this technology may involve the application of a decorative layer after the plaster has dried. As a material for this, water-based acrylic paint is usually used. It is also applied for a primer, previously diluted with water. Cement-based mineral plasters are a little more expensive. They give the surface a different texture like "bark beetle" or "fur coat".
Which composition to choose for the finish
Even more expensive are silicone compounds filled with fine granite chips. The most expensive decorative layer will be mosaic plaster. Its high cost is due to the presence of colored stone chips and transparent resins in the composition. After hardening, the mixture forms a glassy smooth top layer.
In conclusion
Facade construction today is carried out using different technologies. It can be a ventilated system or decorationplaster walls. You can choose the technique that you can handle on your own, because this will save you money.
