Since ancient times, one of the most important items in the house was the stove. For many centuries, when there was no gas and electricity in the premises, the stove gave warmth to all households. They usually put it in the middle of the room for uniform heating of the room. But the stove played not only its direct, ordinary role. She is the personification of life itself in the house, she brought comfort, warmth to the house, helped to cook food and heat water, which played a huge role in the he alth and full existence of people of that time. In this regard, the oven enjoyed the well-deserved love of all family members.
Although at present such structures are no longer of such great importance and are not used everywhere as before, they are still an integral part of the life of rural residents, where for some reason there is no central heating system.
There are many types of ovens that differ from each other in their qualities.
Types of heating systems
- Heating stoves (Dutch, rectangular, triangular,plastered). The most unpopular type of heating devices, because it has only one function - space heating. In addition, they are massive and occupy a fairly large area.
- Kitchen stoves (with oven and boiler, with shields, on trenches). Small structures with excellent qualities: they provide long-term heating (if there are special heat shields), you can cook food and heat water on them. At the same time, compared to other options, the cost is low.
- Bathroom or so-called stoves-heaters. This design is a great option for a bath, as it retains heat for a long time, has excellent dry steam and high fire safety.
- Heating and cooking. This type of stove is the most popular. It is this type of heating system that our article will be devoted to. Now let's take a closer look at what is special about it.
So, the water body heating and cooking stove is a device for raising the room temperature, which also has the function of heating water and cooking.
Oven elements
The main elements of heating and cooking structures:
- plate;
- register;
- chimney (takes smoke out of the house, creates draft);
- blower (channel, which is also involved in the organization of traction);
- firebox (it burns fuel, helps to transfer heat, includes a grate on which fuel is placed);
- ash pan (collects ash from fuel, servesto clean the structure);
- fire protection elements.
These are the basic ingredients. In addition to these, it is necessary to use other materials that are specific to this type of oven.
Heating water circuit
The heating and cooking stove with a water circuit for home heating is gaining more and more popularity. The principle of its operation is quite simple: instead of air, water is used, which retains heat much better, longer. It heats up and scatters through the pipes, bringing warmth into the house.
Among the shortcomings, one of the qualities of water should be mentioned. When it turns into ice, it increases in size, which will inevitably lead to damage to the pipes. You can call this drawback not very significant, because you can always drain the water if you are not going to use the stove in winter or autumn. In this case, of course, it is no longer possible to use the design. If this option is not relevant, you can use special substances.
Antifreeze fluids for pipes
There are such antifreezes for pipes:
- Antifreeze. Propylene glycol or ethylene glycol, a toxic liquid that has the property of not freezing at very low temperatures, down to -60 degrees.
- Coolant with glycerin. Unlike antifreeze, it is non-toxic, but it costs much more. Does not freeze up to minus 30 degrees.
- Bishofite. This is a natural mineral, specifically magnesium s alt. It is the best, but at the same time the most expensive antifreeze. It retains its properties up to minus 20degrees.
Each furnace with a water circuit has a radiator (otherwise called a coil) - this is the most important device for heat exchange. By using it, you can heat any amount of water.
The register is the most important part of the oven
The heat exchanger is most often arranged in the furnace. But this is not the safest option, so it is better to use the top of the chimney. When installing a stove with a water circuit for heating a house, it is better to use the services of a professional, since it is unlikely that you will be able to independently calculate the size and power of the radiator. You should not save on this, because specialists have all the necessary data and will be able to choose the best option according to the size of the house and stove.
The serpentine, also called the register, plays a major role in the operation of the water circuit furnace, so the metal from which it will be made must be carefully selected.
Types of heat exchangers:
- Cast-iron serpentine is not in great demand, because this metal is not very durable, which means that it is clearly not worth counting on its durability (with stable temperature changes).
- Steel heat exchanger is the favorite in this matter. It is quite durable and works well. For those who decide not to spare money for stove heating at home, we recommend stainless steel, which is much better and more durable than other materials.
- Copper radiator conducts heat well. But it is interesting to note that this type of heat exchanger cannot be used when installing a brick oven, becausethe temperature of the board of this metal is 1085 ° C, the risk of fire is accordingly high.
Reviews on the stove with a water circuit are mostly positive, because water is everywhere, while it does not harm human he alth. No fans or large-diameter pipes are required, which means you can save money on space.
Wide oven applications
As mentioned above, one of the advantages of choosing a heating and cooking structure is great functionality. Therefore, using a wood-fired oven is a great idea. The presence of a large space will turn cooking into a pleasure, and the heat of the oven will give the dish a unique taste. In addition, many people like to watch the movement of the light.
The stove will provide this opportunity, unlike boilers, in which the flame is closed. The models that are currently being produced are very beautiful, often made using glass. Such a device will not only not spoil, but also decorate any living room. The water circuit heating and cooking stove is made of various materials.
Types of heating and cooking stoves
Cast iron
Aqua stoves with a water circuit made of this alloy are very durable, allow you to quickly raise the temperature in the room. But if you need to give heat to the whole house, cast iron will not work, because without a heat exchanger it can heat a small space. But in one room it will not leave cold corners, the heat will disperseevenly. Also, a cast iron stove with a water circuit is easily corroded.
Of the advantages, a high service life has already been named, the material withstands a constant temperature drop well. And, unlike brick ovens, cast iron construction is easy to install and operate.
2. Wood burning.
This type of heating system is made of steel. Of course, a wood-fired cooking stove has huge advantages:
- Does not require any additional resources - only firewood is needed, which can be obtained without spending money. This means that you do not depend on external factors. At the same time, this circumstance is also a minus, because it takes a lot of space to store this type of fuel.
- Functional: A wood-burning stove with a water circuit is also great for cooking, as well as for laundry and hygiene.
- Appearance: these stoves look very elegant, create comfort and can decorate any room.
- Not harmful to he alth.
As you can see, there are many positive qualities, but there is also such an important disadvantage as the risk of fire. Therefore, do not place furniture and decorative elements near a wood-burning stove.
For those who don't want to give up a wood-fired stove, you can purchase a charcoal stove. A device for long (slow) burning will help in this, which combines the possibility of using both types of fuel.
3. Buleryan (buller).
Canadian model of a heating and cooking stove. This is a universal type of device that is suitable for any premises. Works on almost all types of solid fuels (carbon is not recommended, the combustion temperature of which is very high, and using high heat for buleryan is not recommended, as the surface may begin to crack and collapse, and in this case there is an increased risk of corrosion).
Buller has a low heat capacity, works on the principle of a heater (pipes with steam, hot water or air).
4. Brick construction.
Is the most traditional and practical option. We have already discussed above that brick devices are very reliable and retain heat for a long time. A brick oven is very environmentally friendly and cheap to bookmark. And it also works on almost any type of fuel (peat briquettes, coal, firewood), which is also important. Unlike a cast iron stove, it is good for heating a large space.
Now let's talk more about bricklaying. This activity is difficult, so it is better to write a diagram before starting. Currently, this can be done on a computer in a special program.
Ordering the heating and cooking stove
Ordering - drawing up a scheme for laying bricks in rows. This is a necessary action, because the construction of stoves and fireplaces is a laborious process. You can create an order for an existing brick oven, which will come in handy when laying subsequent structures. For example, when working as a professional stove-maker.
- Before the start of ordering, the concrete base and waterproofing (foundation) must be laid out.
- 1-2 row - bricklaying.
- 3-5 row - blower walls (blowing chamber).
- 6-7 row - grate installation.
- Next, the fuel register (coil) is mounted.
- 14 row - spread the hob.
- Chimney.
This is a brief description of the order of the heating and cooking stove oven. When building a foundation, do not forget that it should be 5-10 centimeters larger than the stove. And between the concrete, floor and walls you need to leave a gap of several centimeters.
There is a second meaning of this term. In this case, ordering is a special device for even bricklaying. With it, you can follow the neat masonry both vertically and horizontally (a special twisted mooring cord will help with this, its diameter is 3-5 meters). They make an order in the form of a metal or wooden profile with divisions. Such a device is applied to the outside of the brick wall so that the stove maker can conveniently control the process.
Because the thickness of the brick is different, the distance between the divisions also varies. There are several elements to consider when calculating this distance:
- seam (its thickness is usually 12 mm);
- brick (single or thickened, 65 and 88 millimeters respectively).
So the distance can be between 75mm and 100mm. Don't forget thatdimensions may vary depending on the building material used. It is worth noting that such orders are applied not only in the construction of furnaces, but also in general premises, individual elements of the house using bricks.
Materials for laying out the oven
For self-construction of the oven you will need:
- full red bricks;
- chamotte refractory bricks;
- blowing door;
- ash pan cleaning door;
- grate;
- valves for cooking chamber and oven;
- register;
- cast iron stove;
- steel corners.
The right choice of stove is the key to a comfortable stay
As you can see, there are a lot of models on the market, eyes widen. Determine the criteria that are important to you. Appearance, functionality, environmental friendliness and ease of use - these are the qualities that you should pay attention to when choosing a heating device. Their prices also vary greatly, so when buying, you should choose a design with an ideal ratio of cost and quality.
By the way, in addition to stoves, there are boilers and fireplaces with a water circuit. Each design includes a solid fuel boiler. Which heating system to choose is up to you.
The heating and cooking stove with a water circuit is a complex device that requires the indispensable participation of a professional stove-maker during installation. In this case, special attention must be paid to the correct power ratioheat exchanger and the size of the furnace, taking into account also the dimensions of the room.
In addition, it is better to choose a factory model than a handmade one. This will guarantee the reliability and safety of the structure. After all, you can not save when it comes to the he alth and life of people. There are Russian (Karakan, Bavaria) and foreign manufacturers (Hark, Kastor).
A house with stove heating always creates a special comfort, while, unlike an apartment, you can independently regulate the temperature in the room, because it can become cold even on a summer day.
The water circuit heating and cooking stove is a great option for those who want a device that takes up little space, fits well into the interior and has a high heat capacity.
We hope that this article has helped you understand the types of heating systems, understand the advantages and disadvantages of each model. And now you can safely start building your own reliable, safe and multifunctional stove for the home.
