Wood is often used to build houses and make furniture. It is lightweight, low cost, and easy to install. At the same time, the material is afraid of precipitation, ultraviolet radiation, fungus. You can protect structures with the help of a large number of means: varnishes, paints, antiseptics, etc. Let's try to figure out how to cover the tree and how to prepare it for finishing.
Surface preparation for opaque coating
Before covering wooden structures with a protective compound, it is necessary to prepare the surface. This will make it smooth and beautiful. When applying an opaque coating, the principle of leveling and smoothing the structure is not important. It will be painted and no one will see the base.
So, to prepare the surface, do the following:
- we clean it with a planer;
- cycle and grind fine-grainedsandpaper;
- priming the product (lining oil, enamel, varnish). In order for the composition to penetrate deeper into the pores, it is necessary to add a solvent to it, for example, White Spirit;
- putty all chips, cracks and depressions;
- grinding everything with sandpaper.
If desired, putty can be done independently. To do this, fill with a primer any fine-grained powder: flour, talc, starch, sawdust, etc. The resulting mass should have the consistency of a thick dough.
Surface preparation for clear coat
Before you cover the tree with transparent compounds, you must also prepare it. You need to perform the above manipulations, but you will have to work more carefully. To begin with, we perform grinding in two steps: rub the surface, moisten it with a rag (to raise the villi), wait for it to dry and grind again.
If there are small defects, then we cover them with putty, which matches the color of the tree. We carry out the alignment of the composition while it is wet. To obtain a high-quality coating, you must use special grinders.
If there are pores, rub the surface with a mixture that you can make yourself. We take grated pumice, fill it with varnish and apply it to the product. We remove the excess immediately, and after drying we grind it.
Antiseptics
To increase the service life of the product, it is necessary to use an antiseptic for wood. For outdoor work and interior decoration, you will need different compositions. The main requirement for them is safety.for he alth (especially when temperature or humidity rises).
Depending on the composition, antiseptics for wood are divided into: water-soluble, organic-soluble and oily. Water-soluble products can be used if the surface will not come into contact with moisture. In their manufacture, the following components are used: sodium fluoride and silicofluoride, BBK-3 (a mixture of borax and boric acid). Finish should be varnish or other waterproof material.
Soluble compounds are only used as a wood preservative for outdoor use. They cannot be used indoors due to the highly toxic composition (they contain a solution of pentachlorophenol copper naphthenate). The product penetrates well into the wood and strengthens its fibers. After application, the product acquires a green tint, and its adhesion also deteriorates.
Oil antiseptics consist of: coal, anthracene or shale oil. After their use, the wood darkens, and a specific smell also remains. But the treated coating is not afraid of moisture. Means are suitable only for outdoor work: for the foundations of log cabins, sleepers.
Most popular wood preservatives:
- "Nortex" (does well with the fungus, and protects against woodworms).
- "Senezh" (provides maximum protection against mold, fungus and bugs).
- "Aquatex" (resists mold, fungus and ultraviolet).
- "Tikurilla" (contains acrylic with alkyd, and protects against fungus, mold).
Paints
After applying antiseptics, the surface is often painted. Paints are needed to protect against: moisture, insects and bacteria, sunlight, abrasion and mechanical damage. Also, thanks to them, the product looks more aesthetically pleasing. Let's try to figure out which wood paint is better.
Depending on the composition, they are: acrylic, alkyd and oil. Acrylic paints are used to finish the facades of wooden buildings, and are in great demand. They are great for cold regions because they have very good protective properties. The compositions are practically odorless, increase the service life of products, allow structures to "breathe", do not let moisture through.
Alkyd paints are in demand for their low cost. They have a resin base that forms a crust on the surface and does not absorb into the wood. The composition protects against moisture and withstands temperatures from -30 to +90 degrees. The coating will last a maximum of 7 years. After application, thorough drying is required, otherwise bubbles will appear.
Oil paints are considered the worst because they have an unpleasant odor and toxic composition (due to drying oil). They are expensive because they consist of expensive components. The painted coating does not look very aesthetically pleasing, and practically does not “breathe”. As a result, after a while, it begins to crack and peel off. To apply paint, you need a perfectly prepared surface. The coating will last a maximum of 5 years.
When choosing paint, consider:
- penetration and resistance to temperature extremes;
- vapor permeability (will help protect against decay);
- service life (it depends on how often you have to renew the coating);
- environmentally friendly (especially when working inside the house);
- elasticity (responsible for resistance to cracking);
- drying time;
- fire resistance.
Lucky
Instead of paint, you can varnish the wood, which will save you from rotting and precipitation. With the help of the material, both external and internal work can be carried out (this is written on the label). They can cover individual elements or entire buildings, for example, change houses, verandas, arbors made of wood. What varnish to cover them? Let's try to figure it out below.
There are the following types of varnishes:
- Alkyd. Consists of alkyd resins and solvent. The composition dries in 72 hours, but you can speed up drying if you purchase a product with a hardener (grabs in 24 hours). Alkyd-urethane varnishes dry in 12 hours.
- Oiled. Consists of oils (in high concentration), resins and solvents. The tool changes the shade of the product from pale yellow to dark brown. The main drawback is that it takes a long time to dry - in some cases it may take several days.
- Nitrolac. Contains colloxylin, resins, plasticizers and solvents. The compositions are often used for finishing work inside the building. They also have good strength, moisture resistance, and dry quickly (onlyseveral hours). It should be remembered that the product contains toxic solvents, so it is not suitable for children's rooms.
- Acrylic. It does not contain organic solvents, so it practically does not smell. Such varnishes can be used indoors, as they are safe for humans. They are durable, do not change the color of the wood, but are afraid of temperature changes and moisture.
- Epoxy. Dries quickly and is suitable for all surfaces. With it, you can perform both outdoor and indoor work.
- Polyurethane. Resistant to wear, not afraid of moisture. Often used as a finishing coat on wood products (especially fine wood);
- Yacht. It combines very high strength, elasticity, hardness, resistance to temperature extremes, aggressive environments.
Flame retardants
Fire retardants must be used before wood is finished. They are necessary to reduce the release of combustible substances, and to exclude combustion without a source. They can be used in heated rooms (non-weather resistant) as well as outdoors (weather resistant).
Depending on the field of application, flame retardants are produced in the form:
- varnishes that form a thin film on the surface, it has no color, and retains the texture of wood;
- paints and enamels - they leave a thin opaque film on the product, which can have different shades and protect not only from fire, but also from moisture;
- pastes and coatings - they differ from paints in that they form a thicker coating and contain coarse fillers (does not look very aesthetically pleasing);
- impregnation that can be applied to the surface of the structure or under pressure (using special tools).
Interior decoration and exterior decoration
The main materials for processing wooden products have been described above. Let's try to figure out how and with what to cover the tree inside the house. For interior decoration, it is better to choose products that are water-based, odorless and do not emit toxins. They should also resist moisture well.
We process wood as follows:
- apply antiseptic and wait for it to dry;
- use flame retardant impregnation;
- varnish or paint any shade you like.
- when applying an antiseptic, you must follow some rules:
- treat first places affected by fungus, rot or insects;
- pre-clean and degrease the product;
- work at air humidity no more than 80%;
- cover with fire protection only after antiseptic.
- Exterior decoration is also carried out in several stages:
- surface preparation;
- application of an antiseptic penetrating deep into the tree;
- using fire protection;
- coated finish.
Any wooden building or product needs to be coated with an antiseptic (for example, wood stain). How to covertree with this composition? We take a brush, and gently move it along the wood fibers. Vertical surfaces are best processed from the bottom up. This will keep the streaks from soaking in and provide an even finish. So that there are no spots on it, you should not touch the already painted areas. We apply the first layer of antiseptic, dry it, smooth it with sandpaper and cover it with the second layer.
Furniture processing
It often happens that old furniture needs restoration. As for new products, when making them yourself, you will have to think about their protection from moisture, rot, and insects. All this can be done with the help of special formulations. For example, let's try to figure out how to cover a wooden table. For work you will need: a brush or roller, protective equipment (respirator, gloves, goggles), sandpaper and a rubber spatula.
Do the following:
- Preparing the surface. We clean the old coating using chemical or thermal cleaning;
- Apply primer. It improves the adhesion of the paint composition to the product;
- Putting all cracks and defects;
- Coated with paint or varnish. The choice of material depends on the operating conditions of the product.
Fence processing
Wooden structures that are exposed to the sky eventually acquire a dull gray tint. Therefore, it is necessary to cover them with protective compounds that will extend the service life. How to cover a wooden fence? Impregnation will protect the structure from microorganisms, paint - from sunlightand moisture.
We perform the work in the following order:
- we clear the area near the fence, cut the interfering plants;
- remove the old coating (if any), grind with sandpaper,
- treat with a primer and overwrite all cracks with putty;
- we cover the fence with an antiseptic that is not afraid of temperature changes, moisture, etc.;
- dry and apply paint or varnish.
Oil compounds adhere well to the surface, acrylic compounds are inexpensive and dry quickly, alkyd compounds will have to be updated frequently. If the choice fell on varnish, then it is better to choose alkyd (safe) or polyurethane (very durable).
No household plot can do without wooden structures. To understand how to paint a tree, you need to familiarize yourself with the availability in the store and read the instructions for different materials. This will help you make a choice, because now there are many paints and varnishes for interior and exterior use.
