The speed and effectiveness of fire suppression in emergency situations depends on the equipment used by fire brigades. One of the most indispensable devices for the formation of a directed flow of fire extinguishing agents are fire nozzles. Let's look at the main categories of such devices, understand their purpose and operation features.
Assignment of fire nozzles
Equipment of this category is used to complete fire hoses. With the help of trunks, the supply of suppressing ignition substances to the place of ignition is ensured. Thanks to their use, it becomes possible to form a jet, the formation of water curtains, the creation of mechanical and airy foam of medium or low expansion.
The area that can be covered when extinguishing a fire is largely determined by the type of trunks used. The introduction of innovative solutions in the development of modern devices made it possible to significantly increase the range of the jet "strike" and reduce the potential danger toemployees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
Monitors
Assume installation on fire transport, as well as on stationary towers used for these purposes. They differ according to the landing height, the presence or absence of pressure regulators, the possibility of completing with additional nozzles.
Combined stationary fire nozzles are able to form a protective layer, which consists of sprayed liquid particles. Since the transformation of such a stream occurs at an angle, the employee of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is protected from exposure to high temperatures.
According to building codes and rules for the operation of structures, near buildings that are located in areas of increased fire hazard, stationary fire monitors installed on special towers must be located.
Hand barrels
Widely used for manual fire extinguishing. Hand fire barrels have a relatively shallow extinguishing depth. This indicator is only 5 m. This feature significantly limits their use in certain conditions.
Practically all hand fire barrels can be equipped with special nozzles, which open up the possibility of working with individual flame-suppressing compounds.
The operation of such equipment is limited by the design features of certain structures. Therefore, their use is difficult when extinguishing strong fires at large facilities.
Marking of hand barrels
The purpose of manual fire nozzles is indicated using special symbols. Currently, equipment with the following markings is especially in demand:
- RS 70, RS 50, RS 50P - a category of removable shafts, the operation of which opens up the possibility for a quick extension of hose lines. The main purpose is the formation, maintenance and change of direction of a continuous jet of extinguishing agent.
- RS 70.01 and RS 50.01 are non-removable fire nozzles that are used to create a continuous flow of liquid without the possibility of adjusting the pressure level.
- RSP 50, RSK 50, RSP 70 are portable devices that provide emergency personnel with additional protection against elevated temperatures due to the liquid supply at an angle. The kit contains foam-converting nozzles.
- RSKZ 70 is a high-performance universal fire equipment that is connected to a fixed fire-fighting water supply. During operation, it is possible to adjust the intensity and direction of the supply of the extinguishing agent based on the conditions of the fire. Barrels in this category are suitable for working with any special substances.
Marking fire monitors
The fire monitor also contains a marking, according to which you can quickly obtain additional information regarding the specification of the device:
- "P" - a universal mobile fire monitor. Such systems are suitable for completing mobile pumping units.
- "D" - the marking indicates the possibility of remote control. The principle of operation is based on adjusting the pressure of the working fluid in automatic mode. Due to the specific design features of the remote shafts, it becomes possible to accurately direct the jet to the source of ignition. At the same time, the factor of threat to the safety of employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is completely excluded. The flow rate of firefighters' barrels of this type is also automatically adjusted.
- "С" - a stationary version of fire monitors. It is applied to a complete set of internal fire extinguishing cranes. Mounting on special towers and motorized vehicles is allowed.
- "B" - trunks mounted on trailers. The presence of rotary mechanisms opens up the possibility of achieving a wide angle of action.
Fire nozzles - specifications
Characteristics of individual trunks for suppressing fires are always indicated in the technical documentation. One of the main parameters here is the working pressure - the maximum indicator for which the device is designed. In other words, the characteristic indicates the fluid pressure that must be present at the outlet of the fire hose just before the barrel. An underestimation of the permissible indicator is necessarily reflected in a decrease in the efficiency and speed of suppression of ignition sources. Exceeding the norm cancause critical damage to the barrel. The characteristic is indicated in kgf/cm2 or in atmospheres.
The next determining parameter is the maximum amount of working fluid that can flow from the outlet per unit of time at the optimum pressure in the system. The characteristic is taken into account primarily for the purpose of economical water consumption. The parameter is also taken into account based on the performance of the pump or pump.
Spray range indicates the maximum liquid delivery distance for which the existing fire hose is designed. Measured last drop at typical spray angle and normal system pressure.
Considering the parameters that fire hoses have, the technical characteristics that are indicated in the technical documentation, it is worth paying attention to the types of connecting heads available for use. It is extremely important to choose the right accessory according to the nature of the barrel and the type of sleeve used.
What nozzles are used to complete the barrels?
Nozzle - a device, the installation of which expands the functionality of the fire nozzle and thus creates the necessary conditions for the rapid suppression of the main sources of ignition.
Modern fire nozzles can be equipped with the following nozzles:
- water;
- foamy;
- airy;
- water-foam;
- powder;
- with variableexpense;
- non-overlapping;
- with spray.
Features of laying water-pressure communications when extinguishing a fire
To quickly suppress fires, it is extremely important to quickly bring the equipment into a "combat" state. To do this, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations are guided by standardized schemes for assembling elements of water-pressure communications.
To begin with, a pump is being prepared, which is responsible for supplying the working fluid from the reservoir. Next, a suction hose is attached, which contains a protective mesh that prevents clogging of the equipment. From the pump to the place of extinguishing the fire, a hose line is diverted, the end of which is equipped with a branching. Additional hoses are mounted, where fire nozzles are connected. At the end, the pump is activated, pressure is smoothly applied to the line, valves open, after which water flows under pressure to the source of ignition.
