Almost every craftsman who knows how to handle the tool at least a little can build a canopy with his own hands. To do this, you need to consider step by step the whole process. There are many options for such buildings. They differ in functionality, durability and scope. Features of the construction of canopies, as well as the recommendations of experienced craftsmen will be discussed further.
Varieties
The construction of sheds is a responsible undertaking. There are many variants of such structures. They can be autonomous, located at a distance from home. Such a canopy serves as a place to relax in the country or in the garden. Often, sheds are attached directly to the wall of the house. In this case, the design can perform several functions. For example, it can be a carport, a covered playground for children, a place for adults to relax, etc. There are many options for using such buildings.
If the structure is at a certain distance from the house, it can be single-sided or double-sided. More complex roof options are rarely equipped with their own hands. The canopy that is built near the house usually has only one inclined slope. The main types of canopy roof shapes are as follows:
- semicircular;
- rectangular or square with one inclined or straight slope;
- triangular gable;
- wrong shape.
The construction of the roof of canopies, as well as its supports, can be made of different materials. The durability, strength and aesthetics of the building depend on this. Supports can be made of wood or metal pipes. Some craftsmen use plastic for this purpose. However, this material is only suitable for roofs made of very light materials. In this case, such a design will be fragile. It is better to attach it directly to the wall of the house.
The canopy built from the side of the terrace looks spectacular. Its roof will create a shadow at the entrance to the house. As a result, the inside will not be so hot. If you need to park the car in a secluded shady place, it is also recommended to build a shed.
A roof of this design can be made from the following materials:
- tree;
- polycarbonate;
- bulrush;
- metal;
- other roofing materials;
- breakproof glass;
- fabric.
If you plan to create a canopy for a summer kitchen, it is better to usemetal frame and non-combustible materials. When creating such a structure above the pool, it is better to give preference to a canopy that is not afraid of dampness.
Build Features
There are certain regulations for the construction of a canopy. Such a design should not exert additional load on the foundation of the house if it is attached to one of its walls. Any overhang must not affect the structural features and safety of the buildings to which they are attached.
This is a relatively light structure. It may refer to the number of buildings of auxiliary use. However, sheds, including for a car, should not be the object of entrepreneurial activity. This is a relatively simple structure, which is often built in a country house or garden plot.
It is worth noting that a permit for the construction of a canopy is not required (Article 51 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation). However, it is worth understanding which building can belong to this category. For example, a garage and a carport have a number of differences. A canopy can have a maximum of 3 closed walls. At the garage, all the walls are closed. It has a wide opening for vehicle entry. In order for a canopy not to be recognized as a permanent structure (and not need a permit for its construction), it must meet the following requirements:
- can be moved without causing serious structural damage;
- is collapsible;
- has no foundation;
- has no landline communications (exceptelectric);
- is not movable property.
If the building meets the listed requirements, it is recognized as temporary. In this case, a building permit is not required. This must be remembered when planning the procedure for erecting a canopy.
It is also worth noting that some sheds have a foundation, as they are built from heavy materials. However, this does not mean at all that such a design can be recognized as capital. If only one condition from the list is not met, this does not give the right to recognize the canopy as a capital structure. However, if there are two or more inconsistencies, it can be recognized as a stationary structure. In this case, the canopy will be considered as an object of unauthorized construction. It will be subject to dismantling.
Material selection
Building a canopy with your own hands can be done from different materials. First of all, you need to pay attention to wood. This material is the easiest to process. From it you can easily build almost any structure. With proper processing, this material will be durable.
Natural wood looks spectacular. Such a canopy will harmoniously fit into any landscape design. If it is created near the house, it is worth considering the design features of the facade. Usually, wood is most suitable for a summer house or a country cottage when it comes to creating such a structure.
The disadvantage of natural material is its susceptibility to the adverse effects of weather conditions. In this case, the wood is subject to combustion. Therefore, beforethe beginning of construction work, it must be treated with flame retardant and antimicrobial agents.
Fix all elements with bolts or special self-tapping screws. This work is within the power of even a novice master who has not previously created such buildings. At the same time, it is worth considering that wood, with proper processing, can stand without requiring repair for several decades. To do this, use a dry board or glued laminated timber during construction work.
The construction of a carport for a car or other purposes can be made of metal. The frame is assembled from a profile by bolting or from pipes by welding. To make bends, you will need to use a special tool. This is a pipe bender. It is worth noting that metal structures are more expensive. At the same time, the metal must be constantly tinted, protecting it from the adverse effects of weather conditions. But the metal supports are able to withstand the weight of the roof.
Drawing
Whether it is planned to build a canopy with a shed roof adjacent to the house, or a free-standing structure with a semicircular roof, it is necessary to create a drawing. This is a plan that reflects the exact number of structural elements, their size on a scale. A canopy will subsequently be built on it.
The drawing indicates how many support posts are required, as well as what section they will have. This indicator depends on the size of the canopy. The weight of the structure and roofing material is also taken into account. Important to considerwhen calculating the snow and wind load in the area. It is worth noting that if frequent, heavy snowfalls occur here, then it is better to make a ramp with a large slope. If strong winds blow in the area, a flat roof is preferred.
The lack of supports leads to the appearance of deflections of the roofing material. Therefore, the total load must be taken into account. If the number of supports is too large, it will result in additional expenses.
If you plan to make a relatively small canopy (about 2-3 m in length), which will be attached to the house, you can get by with just 2 racks. However, for a structure that will stand apart from the house, the number of supports is increased to 4 pcs. This is true for the construction of polycarbonate canopies. However, when using heavy materials as flooring, it is worth increasing the number of supports to 6 pcs. If it is planned to build a canopy about 6 m long, then the step of the support posts should be 1.2-1.5 m.
If you plan to use light roofing material, the truss system can be assembled from a beam of small diameter, a metal profile. In this case, the step between structural elements may be less frequent. If you plan to use tiles for finishing, you need to choose materials that are more powerful. Their step will be frequent.
For support posts, most often they purchase a beam with a section size of 15 × 15 cm or 14 × 14 cm. For the rafter system, material 15 × 5 cm should be purchased, and for jibs - 9 × 9 cm. so that the supports are exactly vertical.
Building a garage shedcan be made of metal pipes. To do this, you will need to purchase poles 10 × 10 cm or 8 × 8 cm. To create a truss truss, you need to purchase metal structures with a cross section of 4 × 10 cm and 4 × 4 cm. The main supports must be thick. Additional structural elements may be thinner. If desired, over time, the pipes can be overlaid with stone (natural or artificial) or brick.
Installation of wooden poles and rafters
The construction of a wooden carport, summer kitchen or recreation area begins with the installation of supports. After creating a drawing and purchasing materials, you need to get to work. On the site prepared for construction, markings are made. Wedges are installed in those places where wooden poles will be installed. All structural elements made of natural material must be treated with flame retardant and antiseptic.
Further, in the marked places, you need to drill recesses of 50 cm. The lower edge of the support is treated with bitumen. It is installed in a recess. The free space is covered with rubble or poured with cement mortar. Using a plumb line, the verticality of their installation is checked. For fixing, you can use an auxiliary beam. It will be dismantled over time.
From above, each pole must be cut with a bevel at the same level in accordance with the configuration of the roof. The angle must be calculated at the stage of drawing creation. The lower edge of the slope should be at least 1.8 m from the ground. You can make a higher canopy. Especially if the vehicle is large.
The construction of a wooden carport necessarily involves the creation of a truss system. For this, a beam is used. The distance between the rafters should be about 1 m. One side will be attached to the wall or a special rack, the second - to the racks of the supporting pillars.
The connection of the elements of the truss system is carried out using self-tapping screws and steel corners. If you plan to fix the structure to a wall made of stone, brick, you should purchase metal anchors or dowels. You will also need metal corners.
Completion of construction
The construction of wood sheds is relatively short. After the construction of the truss system, you need to make a crate. It is stuffed perpendicularly. The crate should be fixed directly to the beams of the truss system. The crate is made from edged boards. Its thickness should be 3 cm. The boards should be distributed at a distance of 90 cm. If the roofing material is soft, a continuous crate is created. In other cases, the frequency depends on the characteristics of the material. It should be noted that the distance must be calculated in accordance with the characteristics of slate, polycarbonate sheets, metal tiles and other types of materials. Boards should run in the center and at the joints of the sheets.
Next, you can mount the roofing material. There is no need to lay a layer of insulation under it. If it is slate, it is screwed along the top of the wave. For this, galvanized screws are used. Their heads must be fixed flush. It is better to put special washers under the heads. They are made of plastic.
The construction of wood sheds often involves the use of metal slate. It is a practical material that is known for its durability. It is necessary to measure the position of the first sheet very accurately. Otherwise, the flooring will be skewed. You need to start from the bottom. When the first sheet is securely fixed, the second is laid on it. It must be overlapped.
When the bottom row is created, fix the material for the second row in the same way. Not only each subsequent sheet is overlapped, but also the second and first rows.
Almost any roofing material is suitable for finishing. If the canopy is attached to the house, it is better to make it from the same flooring as the roof of the house. So the design will look more harmonious.
Reed roof
The construction of wooden sheds can be completed with a very exotic finish. For example, it could be a reed. This type of construction finish is more often used for summer cottages in the southern regions. If there is a reservoir nearby with a lot of reeds, this option will be one of the possible.
To create a reed roof, you need to properly prepare the material. It will harmoniously complement the wooden structure. Moreover, such a roof can be at the canopy, both attached to the house and standing separately. The second option is preferable, since the reeds do not always harmonize with the facade of the main house.
Building a shed canopy made of reeds is easier to do than laying a gable roof with this material. However, if desired, even round buildings can be made from it. First you need to properly prepare the material. The reed is cut with a knife. Inflorescences are removed. The stems are laid out in the sun. They need to be dried very well.
When the material is completely dry, it is impregnated with a fire-fighting compound (the same as wooden structures). Reed is a highly flammable material. Therefore, such requirements cannot be neglected. Impregnation is poured into a spray bottle. So applying it to natural material will be much easier and faster. The stems should dry out again.
Further, the material is treated with an antiseptic. After that, you need to dry the wet reed again. These actions significantly extend the life of the roof. Impregnations usually remain after processing of wooden structures. Therefore, such a procedure does not require additional costs.
Reeds are tied into bundles with ropes. The thickness of each of them should be about 10 cm. The bundles are laid close to one another. Under them should be a dense waterproofing. When all the bundles are laid out, they are additionally strengthened with a rope. She is wrapped around the entire roof, overlapping several times. Next, fixing is carried out with self-tapping screws along the edge and in the center of the canopy. So the whole structure will be firmly fixed on the base.
Metal pipes
The construction of carports can be made of metal pipes or profiles. First, a drawing is also created,the weight of the roof and the distance between the supports are calculated. A canopy that looks best is supported by pipes with a diameter of 5 cm. The wall thickness should be about 3 mm.
To create supports during the construction of a canopy to the house, pipes 3.5 m long are most often used. They must be installed strictly vertically. Their edge should be at the same height for each support.
To install the racks, you will need to dig holes. Their depth is 50 cm. Next, a flange must be welded to the pipes at the top. It can be perforated or solid. This element will be required later for the installation of the roof truss.
Sand and gravel are poured into the prepared holes. Each layer should be 5 cm. They are rammed with high quality. Waterproofing is laid down. Then the supports are installed (strictly vertically). To fix them in the holes, you will need to secure them with several large stones. Next, concrete is poured into the holes.
If it is planned to create a collapsible structure, metal pins are driven into the ground. They should go to a depth of at least 80 cm. Supports will be bolted to them. If necessary, the latches can be unscrewed, and the canopy can be disassembled by folding it inside the house.
Truss construction and decoration
Next you need to build farms. These are rectangular triangles made of reinforcement. Each pair of supporting posts requires its own truss. They are installed on the ends of the racks. Next, they need to be slightly welded. After adjustment, they are fixed permanently. Oftenthe construction of polycarbonate canopies involves the installation of a metal structure. 4 reinforcing bars are welded between farms. The crate is mounted on them and the corrugated board is fixed.
If desired, you can make the canopy finish from any other roofing materials. It can be a metal tile, corrugated board or slate. Soft roofing materials are more suitable for a wooden continuous lathing of a timber truss system.
After installation, all metal structural elements are primed and then coated with 2 layers of special protective paint. The procedure will need to be performed once a season. Otherwise, the metal will rust and break.
Pool cover
Construction of sheds is often required near the pool. On a hot day, you can get sunburn from being in the water for a long time. Therefore, for these purposes, awnings made of synthetic materials are equipped. This, for example, can be ordinary plastic pipes.
Support pillars in this case will be able to withstand the weight of polycarbonate flooring or a special fabric that does not allow precipitation to pass through. This canopy is very easy to assemble. First you need to dig holes to install the supports. It will be a portable, lightweight design. Therefore, the depth of the pits can be only 30 cm. Next, the supports are installed. For this, plastic pipes (for outdoor installation) with a diameter of 110 or 50 mm are used. The roof is also made of pipes. In this case, different corners, turns and adapters are used.
When the structure is assembled, from abovepolycarbonate sheets can be fixed to it using self-tapping screws. To prevent water from rain from getting inside through the holes created by the fasteners, rubber washers can be installed under them. It is also allowed to coat these places with silicone.
You can also cover the tent with a special tarp. In this case, the dismantling of the structure will be carried out simply and quickly. You can also use film for this purpose.
Having considered the features of the construction of canopies, you can create a similar design with your own hands. It can serve a variety of purposes.
