If the project of your house provides for a second floor or an attic, then you should not be afraid of such an element as a staircase. This design is functional and allows you to move between floors, acting as part of the interior decor. In order to fit the staircase into the project of the house, making it convenient to use, you can use ready-made drawings, but an alternative solution would be an independent calculation.
Things to think about
Three-flight stairs are able to connect the floors. Choosing such a design is not so easy. The house needs not just an element for ascent and descent, but an aesthetic and convenient structure. A special task is the selection of the staircase structure. Before choosing one or another model, you should return to the project and layout of the premises. You may have overlooked important aspects, namely where the flight of stairs will go, whether the model fits the design of the floors.
Settlements
The calculation of the three-flight ladder should be based on moments that will play an important role in the safety of people. This shouldinclude the total number of steps, which can be from 3 to 18, parity is not taken into account. The height of the steps should not be less than 12 cm, they should not be more than 20 cm, while their total width is between 23 and 25 cm.
After examining the photo of three-flight stairs, you can simulate the design on the stringers. If we consider an example where the landing has a length and width equal to 6000 and 3000 mm, respectively, and the height between the levels is 3300 mm, then the distance between the marches should be made equal to 100 mm. When carrying out the calculation, it must be taken into account that in order to determine the height of one march, the interfloor height must be divided by 2, which will allow you to get 1650.
The size of the steps in this case will be 150 mm. The number of risers in a flight can be determined by dividing the height of one flight by the height of the riser. The calculations will look like this: 1650/150. This will allow you to get 11. The top flight will have one less step, which means that there will be 11 risers in the march. Tread one less here.
By multiplying the width of the tread by the number of steps, you can get the length of the march. 300 mm should be multiplied by 10 pieces, which will give 3000 mm. Knowing the dimensions of the three-flight stairs, you can change the parameters, but only slightly. For example, the standard width of the opening is from 90 to 110 cm. In rare cases, this mark can be reduced to 80 cm.
About bias
It is also important to consider the angle of inclination. This parameter is maximum 37°,the minimum value is 29°. Since a larger angle can save space, you must remember that this reduces the comfort of using the stairs. In calculations, it is important to remember the location of window and door openings, arches and columns.
Production of stairs
If you decide to make a three-flight staircase with two platforms, then you can start work with the implementation of stringers. For this, a 40 mm board is used. First you need to prepare a pattern that will repeat the bends of the steps. Marking is applied to the workpiece. The lines of teeth should not have sharp corners. Use a hacksaw to cut out the teeth. The blank can be used as a template by sawing out the remaining stringers.
In order to ensure the strength and safety of the stairs, several stringers should be prepared in this way. You can install them in place in the next step. The ends of the stringers should rest against the floor of the first and the base of the second floors. In the manufacture of a three-flight staircase, the next step is to install the railings and steps. The latter can be attached to stringers with wooden elements or directly. Before installing them, it is necessary to prepare risers and treads. The risers are installed first, for this you can use nails or self-tapping screws. A connection using triangular fillies is considered more reliable. They are fixed with dowels, under which grooves cut into the stringers. For strength, the parts should be put on glue and secured with self-tapping screws.
When all steps are installed at the three-flight stairs,you can start installing balusters and railings. For their fastening, studs and self-tapping screws are used. At the final stage, the design is varnished.
Additional recommendations for making stairs on the stringer
Installation of the mid-flight structure begins after the floor of the first floor is ready, but before the walls are finished. To create a staircase, you need to free up space, the size of which will be equal to twice the area of the stairwell. A three-flight staircase can be metal. In this case, the laying of fragments should be provided for at the stage of the construction of the ceilings. The same steel elements are concreted into the subfloor. They will act as a retainer of the kosour or bowstring from below.
In a private house, it is easier to make a ladder on a stringer, which is especially true if the steps do not touch the walls. When the kosour is performed independently, it is attached from above and below, preparing and fixing steps and railings. If you plan to place the spans in the corner, and rest the steps against the walls, then the calculation is carried out on a bowstring.
First, you will need to draw the profile of a kosour or bowstring on a sheet of paper, transferring it to a wooden beam. Next, you will need to do cutting. Grooves for fastening are prepared from below and above the support beam. The second bowstring is made, taking into account the finished one as a template. If the second kosour is longer or shorter than the prepared one, then the individual elements will become the template.
The base is attached to the supports with anchor bolts. To fix it, you need to use a level. Afterthe base will be fixed, you can start assembling the steps.
In conclusion
Stair construction is a necessary part that connects the floors together. If you choose this type of construction, then the decision may not be as simple as it seems at first glance. Before choosing any model, you should return to the project and layout. Three-flight structures are not used so often, because they take up a lot of space, but you can choose one of these solutions if the house is quite spacious.
