Pumping various liquids and substances equipment is available on the market in different versions. Developers strive to optimize designs to ensure high performance and adequate power. However, as efficiency increases, there is a reverse process of rapid wear of working elements during operation. In turn, jet pumps are free from such disadvantages, since they do not have working components that would be subjected to intense loads. To understand other features and advantages of units of this type, one should consider their design in more detail.
Pump device
The device does not provide for the presence of rotating elements, and structural parts and assemblies are focused on ensuring the operation of functional fluids. The pump consists of four components, including the suction chamber, nozzle, mixing tank and diffuser. Also, the jet pump device can be equipped with special nozzles designed to supply working fluids. One model of the unit can be supplemented with narrowing elements of different characteristics. The structure is presented in variousmodifications and depending on the type of hydraulic medium used. In particular, there are devices for working with liquid media, gaseous substances and hydraulic mixtures.
How do jet pumps work?
Such devices operate on the basis of the principle of transfer of kinetic energy. The power charge is transmitted from the flow of functional fluids to the pumped carrier. It is important to note that during the transfer process, mechanical devices and intermediate nodes are not involved. High force output is provided due to the speed with which the working fluid is discharged from the nozzle under the action of pressure. Due to the absence of moving components, the role of the vacuum chambers with which the jet pump is equipped increases. The principle of operation of the unit provides for the formation of free space in the tank, where the liquid is sucked. That is, the carrier from the receiving chamber is directed through the suction channels to the tank, and then to the mixing compartment. In the process of merging the functional fluid and the carrier, an energy exchange takes place, as a result of which the flow force weakens. The end point in the simplest systems is the collection vessel, into which the carrier enters at a reduced speed, but with the same pressure.
Performance
Usually, such units, in which liquids that are gentle in terms of wear of the structure are realized, do not differ in high performance. Partly an example of jet pumpsthis confirms, but in some segments of its application, its capabilities are quite enough. For example, the productivity of devices can reach 30 l / s. This indicator refers to professional equipment, and simplified designs provide an average of 15-17 l / s. As far as lift height is concerned, the jet pump is designed for a range of 8-15 m, although some modifications for specialized applications may provide a lift of 20 m. But in this case, productivity and efficiency are noticeably reduced, therefore, alternative pump designs are more often used for such needs.
Varieties of pumps
As noted above, designs differ in the type of fluid being served. Now it is worth considering them in more detail. The most popular models work with water carriers and mixtures that do not have a destructive effect on the communication infrastructure of the unit. Such devices are called ejectors and operate on the principle of pumping and suction in different chambers. Jet pumps are also common, the function of which is focused on serving aggressive environments. These are airlifts used in wells and communication systems that provide the transfer of chemically active mixtures and liquids with the presence of solid particles. Less popular, but in some cases indispensable injectors. These are devices that also work with liquids, but the functional medium in this case is steam.
Application areas
The variety of design options has led to the corresponding distribution of pumps of this type. In particular, they are used in the chemical industry for pumping acids, alkalis, oily carriers, s alt mixtures and fuel oil. Technologists in this industry highly value the mechanical strength and durability that a jet pump excels in. The use of such units in the household sector is mainly focused on lifting water from wells. Some modifications are quite suitable for the formation of artesian sources. Also, high characteristics of resistance to temperatures make it possible to use such equipment in heating systems. For sewers, this solution is also beneficial, since the pump effectively copes with the removal of sediment in the form of silt and sand.
Advantages and disadvantages of jet units
Among the main advantages of such units are a simple and reliable design, durability in operation, reliability and lack of sensitivity to aggressive environments. To a large extent, these advantages are due to the fact that jet pumps are free from the presence of moving parts that wear out quickly in other pumps. By the way, the same design feature allows the pumps to be made in small sizes, which also affects the minimization of maintenance costs. But such devices also have disadvantages, among which they highlight the need for special preparation of working fluids and low performance indicators.
Conclusion
Principleoperation of jet units determined their specific direction of operation. Such equipment is practically not used in traditional water supply and irrigation systems. But, due to the high wear resistance, jet pumps have found their place in communication systems operating under high loads. Suffice it to say that the units effectively handle chemicals and polluted media while maintaining their original performance. But the owners of the equipment have to pay for such a significant advantage with a modest power potential. Low productivity is not always a decisive factor in the choice of pumps, so the demand for jet devices remains.
