Any, even the most beautiful house looks unattractive if it stands on an untidy plot. This picture is created by randomly planted trees and shrubs. Sometimes they look like an impenetrable windbreak, and sometimes they make me sad and spoil the mood with their stunted appearance, dry, dying branches. The reason lies not at all in the fact that the plantings are not looked after, but in the fact that mistakes were made in the formation of the garden. Let's try to understand the intricacies of growing a wonderful garden.
Where to start?
Some people believe that the main thing is to buy he althy seedlings, attach them to the site and water them abundantly. It turns out that everything is not so simple. In order for the planted trees to grow well, you first need to find out a number of characteristics:
- type of soil (sandy, loamy, clayey, how much humus is in it, what acidity);
- the presence and depth of underground utilities (pipes, cables);
- proposed plan for future developments;
- proximity to groundwater;
- landscaping goals.
If the priority is to get a harvest, naturally, you need to pick fruit trees.
If the focus is on the creation of recreation areas on the site, visual leveling of the relief, hiding any defects, and so on, ornamental plants are ideal. There are also types of fruit trees that have a very beautiful, sometimes bizarre shape, such as apple trees, cherries, mulberries with a weeping, umbrella or fountain crown. They will bring the harvest, and the site will be given a unique design.
What to plant?
When creating an orchard, it is advisable to give preference to plants acclimatized in the area. Exotic, even perfectly properly planted trees, with maximum attention to them and care, will grow poorly. This applies not only to southern figs, pomegranates, citrus fruits, which in the temperate continental climate zone can only live in greenhouses. Even walnuts, peaches, cherries, apricots have their own distribution area and in more northern regions they either freeze in winter or simply do not keep up with ripening. In the southern regions, on the contrary, lovers of coolness, such as sea buckthorn, do not take root well. Birch, willow, spruce suffer in a hot climate.
But shrubs are especially capricious in this regard. But there are generalists who feel great everywhere. This tree has a lot of virtues and the same number of varieties, from dwarf mountain pumilio, gnome, mugus to fifty-meter Scots pine.
Evergreen or deciduous
Gardening is often carried out not to obtain crops, but solely to create beauty. In these casesthe owner also faces the question of which trees to plant on the site, evergreen or deciduous. Both of them have a number of advantages and disadvantages. So, evergreen conifers bloom faded, grow slowly, their year-round identical appearance can begin to tire. But under them in the fall there is practically no garbage, and the needles fill the air with therapeutic phytoncides. Most of the deciduous trees bloom beautifully, in autumn their foliage glows with fantastic colors, but in winter the trees take on a somewhat depressing appearance. Alternatively, there are deciduous ones with beautiful branches in yellow, white, orange and red that look bizarre even without leaves. There are also deciduous ones, decorated with bright tassels of berries all winter. This is the well-known mountain ash, lily of the valley, candy, lilac.
Maintaining distances
If the plot is large, the question of the distance between seedlings is not acute. If the area of \u200b\u200bthe site is small, it will not work to attach a lot of things to it. In order for the planted trees to develop well and not interfere with each other, it is necessary to maintain certain distances between them. In addition, seedlings must be placed correctly in relation to any buildings and communications. Each gardener must imagine what size the tree he has acquired will be in an adult state. You need to take into account the height, width of the crown, the power of the root system.
Parameters for the main types of trees can be tabulated.
| Object name | Distance to tree axis (m) |
| building walls | 5 |
| retaining wall sole | 3 |
| fence 2m or more high | 3 |
| edge of garden path | 0, 7 |
| pillars, flyovers, lights | 4 |
| underground utilities | 2 |
| trees with spreading crowns | 5-7m axle to axle |
| clone crown | 2, 5-3, 5 axle to axle |
Light and shadow
Plants are light-loving and shade-loving, which must be taken into account when placing them on the site. In addition, when laying an orchard, it is necessary to place tree seedlings, taking into account their biological characteristics of fruiting, so that the tree does not have to be treated with pesticides during the flowering period of its neighbor. Varietal characteristics also need to be taken into account so that unwanted cross-pollination does not occur. In the northern side of the plot, apple and pear trees are good, in the southern side - cherries, apricots, peaches. Medium-sized and dwarf crops are planted in the center so that they do not obscure the rest of the trees with their crown. Among ornamentals, most plants love light.
This is the chic golden rain beaver, and maples, and junipers, and pines. Magnolia, mountain ash, pine and Norway spruce feel good in the shade.
Compatibility
There are the mostvarious fruit and ornamental trees, photos and names of which can be found in special literature. But when choosing plants for your garden, you need to know if they get along with each other. The fact is that each tree has its own energy, which favors some green brothers and suppresses others. Single trees, next to which almost everything grows poorly, include walnut, white locust, chestnut, viburnum, fir.
The American maple is also an undesirable neighbor. It belongs to parasitic trees, so it cannot be planted on the site.
| name | compatible | not compatible |
| birch | apple, cherry, bird cherry, mountain ash | pine |
| elm | maple, linden | oak |
| pear | maple, poplar, oak, apple tree | walnut, lilac, chestnut, conifers |
| oak | apple, linden, maple, pine, cedar | ash, elm |
| spruce | rowanberry, hazelnut | viburnum, fir, chestnut, birch, lilac, maple, barberry, jasmine |
| linden | apple, oak, maple | some conifers |
| rowanberry | spruce, cherry, apple, pine | walnut, acacia, chestnut, viburnum |
| sos | apple, fox, mountain ash, fir, spruce, oak, cedar, linden | birch, aspen |
| yew | - | walnut, chestnut, fir,viburnum |
Tree planting scheme
How to arrange the trees on the site depends on the chosen design. Fruit trees are most often planted in rows (linearly). The distances between the lines are maintained at least 5-6 meters. You can also arrange seedlings in a checkerboard pattern. In this case, the rows are allowed to be slightly closer, but not less than 4 meters. When constructing a hedge, low-growing trees are used, rather like bushes. The distance between them must be at least 1 meter. In group plantings between tree seedlings, they stand from 2 meters, and shrubs - from 50 cm to 1.5 m (depending on the type of plant). If an open alley is planned, rows of trees are placed no closer than 6-12 meters so that the crowns do not close in the future. When constructing an arched alley (berso), seedlings are placed at a distance of 3-5 meters from each other.
Planting seedlings
Many beginner gardeners ask how to plant a tree correctly. There are several recommendations here. Firstly, it is desirable that the seedling be young, because special equipment will be required to plant (transplant) an adult tree. Secondly, it is better if the tree is purchased with a clod of earth. With bare roots, the plant always takes root worse, and in some species, such as pine, the roots die without soil within half an hour. Planting begins with digging a hole twice as wide as the coma of seedling earth. The depth should be such that the root collar is on the surface. A little fertilized earth is poured at the bottom, a peg is hammered. In somecases arrange drainage from small pebbles or branches. A seedling is placed and sprinkled with earth so that there are no air voids (tamped). Abundantly watered. The best time for planting is early spring and mid-autumn. Only adult conifers are planted in the ground in winter.
