All metering devices are divided into two types: individual and collective (common house) counters. An individual metering device is equipment that takes into account your personal consumption of resources. A collective (general house) heat energy meter counts the consumption of the communal resource of a residential building as a whole, including common house needs.
In accordance with Law No. 261-FZ “On Energy Saving and on Improving Energy Efficiency and on Adjusting Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”, owners and tenants of residential buildings are required to install common house heat energy meters (the law was adopted in November 2009 d.).
Purpose of collective counters
Installation of this type of equipment has the following objectives:
- Payment is calculated based on actual heat consumption.
- Uniformdistribution of the amount of payments between residents for each individual apartment building.
- Responsibility for common property is transferred to the residents of the residential building.
Main types of collective counters
When choosing a general house heat energy meter, it is necessary to take into account its design features and installation specifics. There are four main types of these devices.
Tacheometric
This is a fairly simple device, the design of which provides for the following elements:
- Heat energy calculator.
- The coolant volume calculator, which can be of vane or mechanical type.
Such a device is relatively inexpensive, but its operation requires an additional filter that protects the common house heat meter and the entire heating system from all kinds of pollution.
Flaws
It is also worth paying attention to the shortcomings of these counters. They are not suitable for use if there is a high level of hardness in the water circulating through the system. Another negative point that may affect the installation of this equipment is the presence of various impurities in the coolant.
All these conditions can lead to frequent clogging of the filter, which provokes a decrease in the pressure level of the coolant. For this reason, meters of this type are usually used in private homes.
Dignity
The main advantage of total station equipment is its ability to operate with a special battery for 5 years. In addition, these devices can be used in rooms with high humidity. While the risk of damage to the main components is minimized as no electronic components are included in the design.
Electromagnetic
Common house electronic type thermal energy meter works by generating an electric current in it as a result of passing through the magnetic field of the coolant. This circumstance necessitates constant maintenance of the unit, and its installation requires professionalism and competence from the performer.
Untimely preventive maintenance can cause contamination of the flow meter, which as a result will affect the readings of the meter. The occurrence of this problem is due to the presence of iron in the coolant and poor-quality connections in the wiring.
Compliance with all operating requirements is a guarantee of high-quality and trouble-free operation. It is important to note that the readings of the general house electromagnetic heat energy meter are highly accurate.
Vortex
In this case, the operation of a device of this type is associated with the appearance of a vortex, relative to an obstacle in the path of the coolant. In this case, the frequency of occurrence of such eddies depends on the amount of passing coolant. Installation of a common house heat energy meter can be carried out both on horizontal and vertical pipelines, but on condition that there is a straight section of pipe before and after the meter.
Equipment of this type consumes a small amount of energy, it can operate for five years on one battery.
Vortex counters react negatively to large impurities in the coolant and pressure drops. Therefore, for the high-quality operation of the unit, a mandatory measure is the installation of a special filter.
It is important to note that the presence of iron in the coolant and deposits in the pipelines in no way affect the accuracy of the readings. Also, this device is equipped with a specialized interface, which allows the management company to take readings of common house heat meters remotely. In addition, this application sends messages that notify you of any malfunctions. This circumstance guarantees the timely intervention of the relevant service, which will promptly eliminate the troubles that have arisen.
Ultrasonic counter
The principle of operation of this device is based on the passage of a special ultrasonic signal through the coolant flow. The transmission time of the signal is directly related to the speed of the fluid.
For those who install a common house heat meter of this type, you need to know the conditions for itoperation:
- Constancy of pressure.
- Lack of air in the system.
- Maximum cleanliness level of the circulating fluid.
- No deposits on the walls of pipelines.
The presence of the above factors will ensure the effective operation of the counter, which will show an undistorted result.
Operation of equipment of this type may require the installation of additional elements that will ensure the supply of coolant through different channels.
Organization of heat energy metering
Procedure for installing a common house heat meter:
- Obtaining technical specifications for project development.
- Design and installation of the meter.
- Commissioning.
- Operating the meter, including regularly taking readings and using them for calculation.
- Checking of common house heat meters, as well as their repair and replacement.
Installing a common house meter
- First, it is necessary to organize a meeting of tenants and owners of apartments in order to make decisions on the installation of a collective meter.
- Submit a decision on the installation of a collective meter and its payment to the management organization of tenants and apartment owners.
- The managing organization, in turn, must contact the resource supply company forissuance of technical conditions, in accordance with which the design and installation of a common house heat energy meter will be carried out.
- The management company, when financing tenants and apartment owners, concludes an agreement for the development of project documentation with a specialized organization to install the meter.
- After receiving the project documentation, the management company sends it for approval to the resource-supplying organization and, with a positive conclusion, installs a collective common house heat energy meter, and then allows it to operate.
Commissioning
The installed collective meter allows for operation by a commission consisting of:
- Representative from the company that carried out the installation and commissioning of the commissioning equipment.
- Consumer representative.
- Representative of the heat supply company.
The commission must be created by the owner of the heating unit. During the commissioning process, the commission checks the following:
- Presence of passports, factory seals and verification certificates.
- Compliance with the design documentation of the constituent elements of the thermal unit.
- Compliance with permissible temperature curves, measurement ranges and hydraulic operating modes, parameter values determined by the conditions for connecting to the heating system and the contract.
- Compliance of the characteristics of measuring instruments with the characteristics specified in the device passport.
In the absence of comments, the commission must sign the act of commissioning the meter installed at the consumer. This document is the basis for keeping records of the coolant by the meter, thermal energy, quality control and heat consumption mode using the data received from the moment the document was signed.
Filling
After signing the act of commissioning, the heating unit is sealed. Filling is done:
- A consumer representative.
- Representative of the heat supply company, if the heating unit belongs to the consumer.
Check
Meters are subjected to primary testing by the manufacturer before they go on sale. This procedure is confirmed by the presence of the following elements:
- Record that is on the unit, as well as in the passport to it.
- Special sticker.
- Stamp.
After a certain period, another check is performed. Before each heating season and after the next repair or check of metering devices, the readiness of the heating unit for operation is checked. As a result, an act of checking the heat point at the interface of the adjacent network is drawn up.
After commissioning, tenants and apartment owners must take energy-saving measures: installing springs and closers on the front doors, insulating windows, doors, etc.
Maintenance
Maintenance of the meter consists in maintaining the thermal equipment in working condition, regular inspection, eliminating the causes affecting wear and tear, checking the operation of primary converters on the return and supply pipelines of the heating network, checking the correct functioning of the metering device, checking the operation and diagrams of resistance thermocouples, weekly printouts of readings for analysis and development of recommendations for maintaining the required temperature, and much more.
If necessary, during the maintenance process, dismantling (removal and disconnection) of faulty devices and re-installation of the meter after a secondary check and repair are carried out.
Common house heat energy meter: how to pay
Payment calculation is quite simple and consists of several steps:
- The cost of heating one m2 is determined. To do this, the meter readings must be multiplied by the current tariff and the resulting number divided by the area of all heated premises in the house.
- Then the share of each individual apartment is calculated. To do this, the total area of the premises of the house (including entrances, basements, attics) is multiplied by the result obtained by dividing the total area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment by the total area of \u200b\u200ball non-residential premises and apartments. Thus, it turns out the total area of \u200b\u200ball rooms that falls on your apartment.
- The area of the apartment is added to the area of the premises that make up your share. The resulting number must be multiplied by the costheating one m2.
