The modern world of advanced technologies cannot even be imagined without communication equipment. Because almost every home, office, enterprise, educational institution has a computer or even several, which means the Internet, and as a result, the network.
After all, the main function of communication equipment is to receive, sometimes process and transmit data over a distance (from a few centimeters to several thousand kilometers).
Even before, very common varieties of such devices were: wired telephone, telegraph … A little later, fax.
Scientific and technical definition and types of equipment
Communication equipment is a special device that transmits any data over certain lines, called communication lines (cable, switch, and others).
The most common types are fiber optic cable, twisted pair, coaxial cable.
What are the types of communication equipment?
- Data or terminal equipment.
- Networkequipment.
- Communication line equipment.
Decryption of each type
All members of each species may also be referred to as communications equipment hardware.
Data equipment is a device that converts user information into data for transmission over a communication line and performs the reverse conversion. This type of device includes personal computers, as well as a large electronic computer, data collection device, cash register and other terminal devices.
Network communication equipment is the technology needed to make computer networks work. The most prominent representatives of this type are: switch, patch panel, router, hub, network adapter, repeater and others. There are two main types of such equipment: active and passive.
Communication line equipment is a device that converts data that is generated by a special encryption device into a signal that is transmitted over these lines and performs the inverse conversion. The most recognizable and prominent representative of this equipment is the modem.
Active network equipment
These are devices containing electronic circuits that are powered by mains electricity (or other similar sources). These devices perform the function of amplifying and converting the signal into others.
The ability to process signals according tospecial algorithms. Namely: these devices not only capture and transmit signals, but also process the technical information given to them, redirecting and distributing the streams incoming to them according to the algorithms built into the equipment’s memory.
Includes equipment: network adapter, repeater (repeats the signal in order to increase its propagation length), hub (also called a multiport repeater), switch (a device that has several ports), router (the same router), repeater, media converter, network transceiver (to convert the communication interface).
Passive network equipment
Passive equipment is used to distribute and reduce the signal level. It operates without mains power or similar.
The most prominent representatives of this type of equipment are:
- cabling system;
- cable route equipment.
Local networks
LAN communication equipment is equipment that serves to interconnect devices into a single network. And this is necessary to create and connect multiple networks or subnets.
The equipment used in them is used both to connect a single node and to connect a large number of them to each other.
A very familiar type of local area network is a computer network, which is a set of machines connected to each other andequipped with special programs that provide network users with the ability to access all the data of these computers.
Local networks are systems whose signal is propagated within a radius of up to 3 kilometers. There is a network of departments, corporate (if in the same building), within the educational institution, as well as home.
There are also urban networks (within the radius of a large city) and global (signal distribution throughout the city, region, country). But they are no longer local.
Corporate network
Currently a very common local area network is a corporate one, which unites systems located throughout the enterprise. The number of jobs is one hundred or more.
If the divisions of the organization are at a great distance from each other, then global network technologies are used.
In a corporate network, as a rule, quite high requirements for reliability and performance.
The interaction of the components of a computer system occurs according to schemes that may differ slightly from each other.
Besides this, there are such components of such a network:
- Computers connected to the system are called stations or nodes.
- The presence of a network adapter - a device for connecting to the computer's system bus and providing reception and transmission of information over the communication line.
- Twisted pair, which consists of several strands of twisted copper wire.
- Coaxial cable consists of insulated copperwire, insulating braid, outer sheath (it can, unlike twisted pair, transmit information over longer distances).
- Fiber optic cable (through which the signal passes best).
- Computers that are designed to serve other computers are called servers.
- Those that make requests to the resource base of other computers are called client nodes.
- If one computer combines both purposes in one, then it is called a peer-to-peer node.
Principles of building a computer network
Network topologies are schemes for connecting physical components that are determined by the logical structure of the network itself.
Sometimes:
- fully connected;
- cellular;
- star type;
- "common bus";
- ring;
- tree-like.
With a fully meshed network topology, each machine is directly connected to the others.
Cellular is when several possible connections are removed from a fully connected one.
A star topology is formed when each individual machine is connected with a separate cable to a common central unit.
There are several types of "star": with distributed control and with central control.
Star technology: all nodes are connected to one cable with 2 open ends. And only one node at a given time has the ability to send information. The signal propagates in both directions. In this case, any of the nodes has the ability to access the transmitted data. At the ends of the bus, such special devices are installed - "terminators" that suppress the signal.
Common bus is also another variation of the star type, where the central unit is a passive cable.
In a ring topology, information is transferred from one machine to another - along the ring.
The most difficult is the tree topology, where the root of the "tree" is the central redirector. The main cable is connected to it. And already to it - several network ones. The frequency of the data changes. Frequency conversion is carried out at the root of the tree.
Network technology
Technologies for transmitting information on the network are carried out on the basis of a set of rules and protocols governing the addressing of messages and packaging for transmission over the network.
The set of these protocols, as well as the software and hardware that implements them, is called network technology.
Cell signal boosters
A person in modern life cannot even imagine a day without a mobile or cell phone. It helps in communication with loved ones, friends, and at work. In general, the benefits are numerous.
Cellular communication may not be well captured everywherephone. This is especially true for remote areas (suburbs).
And therefore, in such places, communication representatives install cellular signal amplifiers, which also applies to the communication equipment discussed in the article.
This is a specific system that consists of an external antenna (receiving and transmitting a signal to the base station), a repeater (directly an amplifier), an internal antenna (due to it there is a signal in the room) and a cable.
CV
Let's wrap up an informational article, which may not cover the topic of what relates to communication equipment so deeply. There are no more precise and specific technical and technological details.
And only the most basic concepts are considered and the main technical means of computer networks are described, thanks to which data is transmitted.
All other, more in-depth information regarding communication equipment can be found in specialized literature.
