Rubble foundations have been known to mankind since ancient times. To this day, the rubble foundation does not lose its relevance. It is inexpensive and durable. It can be operated for 150 years, while the design will not require repairs. The base is resistant to freezing and excellent resistance to groundwater. If we talk about the positive aspects, then we can also highlight environmental friendliness. It is quite possible to build such a foundation without using additional construction equipment, which makes the construction even cheaper.
Laying rubble foundation
The rubble foundation is laid taking into account the height of 1.6 meters and the presence of a reinforced belt in the upper part. If a good sand preparation with drainage or a stronger reinforced belt is laid, the height can be reduced. The rubble foundation is laid, as a rule, below the freezing line. In this case, concrete grade M100 should be used, but not lower. The structure should be located 30 cm above the soil level, after which there will be a plinth.
Features of choicequality stone
If you decide to lay a rubble foundation, then you can use cobblestones, sandstone, limestone and shell rock. Those stones that have an irregular shape are rubble. The base of them is laid out using a large stone, each individual element must be selected taking into account the similarity of shape and size. To do this, it is recommended to choose flat-faced stones, which should be tightly stacked on top of each other and fixed with cement mortar.
How to choose a stone according to quality characteristics?
Before making the foundation, it is necessary to analyze the stones for quality. When split, they should not dust and crush. This indicates that the stone is suitable for work. You can also check the elements by hitting hard with a hammer, the sound should be clear and sonorous. In this case, the stone should not crumble. You can collect material for the foundation even in the fields. However, if it is possible to order, then it is best to do just that. Many builders do not even imagine how much stone will be required to carry out the work, several tons of material may be needed.
There is one more problem that will need to be solved before construction works, and this is the need for cleaning. Washing the stones is not so easy, it will take a lot of patience and strength. If this is not done, then the stone material will have somewhat less impressive adhesion qualities.concrete, there is no need to talk about the strength of the base in this case.
The stone will need to be plinthed, this will allow you to get fragments up to 30 kilograms. You can split the material using a certain technique. It provides for the initial marking with a pencil, then you will need to stretch the cord, which leaves a mark on the surface. According to the mark obtained, it is necessary to split the stone. This will be done with the help of a chisel, which is hit with a hammer.
Buta laying technique
Rubble strip foundation can be equipped using one of the existing technologies. One involves the initial preparation of the trench and the installation of formwork. At the next stage, a pillow is poured, which should consist of thirty centimeters of high-quality concrete. Next, fittings are laid. On the pillow you need to lay the foundation itself from the buta. Before laying the material, it is necessary to wet the stone, which will provide it with better adhesion to concrete. It is necessary to lay the stone with a gap, the thickness of which is 4 centimeters. It is not worth mounting the material closely.
If you decide to equip a rubble strip foundation, then you need to decide where the stone has spoons and where the poke. The long side is a spoon, while the short side is a poke. In each row, the poke should alternate with a spoon, this is the whole technology. For masonry, a sledgehammer should be used, as well as a hammer. The optimal masonry thickness is sixty centimeters.
Features of the work
The laying of rubble foundations is quite often carried out using clay. It is added to the ingredients of the solution. However, do not be zealous. Stone can be laid in a variety of ways. For example, "under the shoulder blade." To do this, it is necessary to lay a stone on a base prepared in advance, turning it to the surface with a poke. The material must be well compacted, and the voids filled with small stones. Then everything is poured with a liquid solution and a spoon row is laid. The thickness of the first and second rows should not exceed 30 cm, the stones should be selected so that the height of the rows is the same.
When laying the foundation of rubble stone with your own hands, it is important to ensure that the products do not touch each other without mortar. It is up to the master to install the formwork or not, everything will depend on whether the base needs even walls.
Alternative options for stacking buta
There is another method of laying rubble stone, it is called "under the bay". The technique assumes the need to use formwork. The strength characteristics of such a foundation will not be so impressive, on this foundation it is permissible to build only a light frame structure. For this reason, it is necessary to use a vibrocompactor for such masonry. With the help of such manipulation, it will be possible to increase the strength of the base by forty percent.
Laying rubble stone“under the bay”
The construction of a rubble foundation using this technology involves the initial preparation of a flat trench, which the master must first fill with coarse-grained clean sand. The aggregate should be well tamped, and then lay the bond row. Everything must be filled with small stones and poured with a liquid solution. Then the second row of spoons is laid and crushed stone is covered again, and then compacted. In this case, the technology remains conventional, but after that it is necessary to fill in a plastic solution.
Laying buta "under the bracket"
The foundation with rubble stone can be laid using a technology called “under the bracket”. In this case, the stones must be selected the same height. It is necessary to ensure that the products do not stagger during installation, it is important to observe the dressing of the seams. The ideal size for a stone will be 20 x 30 cm. As for the area of \u200b\u200bthe stone, it must be determined by the following formula: rubble stone width \u003d 1/3 of the foundation width. This is important to consider before starting work.
Conclusion
When the owners of suburban areas and territories within the city decide to build a foundation of rubble stone, they are faced with the question of whether such a foundation is suitable for each building. First of all, it is necessary to think about the fact that with poor-quality compaction of stones, such a foundation may not withstand the second floor. Whereas wooden baths, which are lightweight, can be installed on such a base without fear. If you decideto build a rubble foundation with your own hands, it must be remembered that it should consist of mortar and stone in a 1: 1 ratio. Only then will it be possible to achieve the desired result.
However, the strengthening of rubble foundations is also responsible for the strength of the foundation. It is made with the help of reinforcement, which simply needs to be used in this case. This will give the base a more impressive durability and excellent quality. This type of base is considered to be an option that rarely needs repair work, which not only saves the strength of the master, but also significantly reduces the cost of construction work.
