Not a single modern repair today, perhaps, is complete without putty. This building mixture is indispensable, but it is important to choose it correctly, which applies not only to walls, but also to the ceiling. Having visited the store, consumers quite often face difficulty - which putty for walls and ceilings to prefer. Mixtures may differ from each other in many factors, but among the main ones, the purpose and composition should be highlighted.
Varieties of putties by composition
When considering the types of putty, you should pay attention to the ingredients. Mortars usually provide for the presence of three main components, this also applies to putties. Among other substances that are used to make the described mixture, it should be highlighted:
- solvent;
- filler;
- astringent.
When classifying putty by composition, the type of binder should be taken into account, because sand almost always acts as a filler, while water is the solvent. So, putty composition can be divided into:
- gypsum;
- cement;
- polymer.
Cement putty
Various types of putty are on sale today, among others, cement-based mixtures should be distinguished. These solutions have fine granular components. Cement of the M400 or M500 brand acts as a binder. The filler is river sand, usually quartz, because it is characterized by small crystals and the complete absence of impurities.
Cement putty for walls is good because it has high strength, and it can be damaged only by purposefully hitting the surface. Another important plus is water resistance, so putty can be used for bathrooms and pools, as well as other rooms where conditions will be high humidity.
Considering the types of putties for walls, you should pay attention to the cement variety, because it can even be used for facade cladding due to its water resistance and strength. The formed layer will be able to undergo aggressive environmental influences. But such mixtures also have disadvantages. They are expressed in the fact that the material shrinks after drying, and also does not differ in elasticity, so cracks may occur on the surface. In addition, the applied layer will take a long time to dry.
Gypsum putty
In this case, gypsum acts as a binder. Similar mixtures are used in preparation before staining. With the help of such compounds, you can achieve a perfectly flat surface at the final stage. When compared with cement“brother”, then the gypsum compositions dry quite quickly and do not shrink. This type of putty should be used as soon as possible, because it can begin to dry out even before it is applied to the surface.
Such mixtures are used in well-heated and dry rooms, because gypsum does not tolerate moisture and swells from water. Therefore, it cannot be used for outdoor decoration. There are no harmful impurities among the ingredients, the material is safe for human he alth. If the surface is treated with this composition, then mold will not appear on it, and the layer will perfectly pass air. The material does not burn, but has low strength and cannot cope with temperature changes.
Polymer putties
If you will use putty for repairs, the types and purpose of this material must be considered. Among others, polymer mixtures should be singled out, which, in terms of technical characteristics, can be called ideal. Polymer components act as a binder. The solution combined the main advantages of the previous mixtures and is almost devoid of disadvantages. To be more precise, there is only one minus - the cost.
Polymer-based solutions are expensive but versatile. They are durable, not afraid of exposure to temperature extremes and moisture, dry quickly and have a high degree of elasticity. During application, you will be pleasantly surprised by the low consumption of the composition. Using this solution, you can achieve an almost mirror surface. This type of putty foroutdoor use is great, because it is moisture resistant and has high strength.
How to choose putty for its intended purpose
The types of putties listed above can also be classified according to their purpose. Depending on the area of use, solutions may contain ingredients of different fractions and suggest the presence of plasticizers, as well as additional components. Considering the types of putties for the ceiling and walls, you can subdivide them into:
- starter;
- universal;
- finishing.
The former are used for leveling, while the latter are used to form a decorative layer.
Starting putty
It is used for the first layer, as it allows you to level the surface after plastering. Such putties are characterized by a large fraction of components, which indicates high strength. The mixture is characterized by high adhesion, but it may vary depending on the base. As a starting putty, cement compositions are usually used. When choosing a starting mortar, it is necessary to pay attention to the permissible thickness of the layer to be laid. This parameter must be between 0 and 25 mm.
Decorative putty
When considering the types of putty, you should pay attention to the finishing mixes that are applied after the starting compositions. They have a fine fraction and allowform a layer up to 4 mm, which allows you to achieve a flat surface suitable for decoration.
The strength of the finishing putty is not so high, but this is a plus, because it is easy to handle with sandpaper. Finishing putty is usually used when it is planned to apply materials such as varnish coatings, paints or textile wallpapers. In all these cases, it is important that the surface is perfectly flat, because imperfections will be visible differently.
Universal putties
These compounds are multi-component and combine the properties of finishing and leveling solutions. This option is a great solution for non-professionals. Universal putties allow leveling and finishing processing with one material. With the help of mortars of this type, it is possible to connect gypsum blocks, eliminate chips and cover up cracks.
Varieties of putty for GKL
On sale today are different types of putties for drywall. However, they are classified according to the principles described above. Gypsum compositions are most often used for gypsum boards. But you can also subdivide drywall mixtures for their intended purpose, they are:
- leveling;
- specialized;
- mixtures of the second layer.
When choosing a leveling composition, you should pay special attention to the main component. It can be polymers, cement or gypsum. The latter option is not recommended for rooms with high humidity. But cement compositions perform well even in wet conditions, butover time, microcracks may appear on the surface. In terms of performance, these two types are superior to polymer putties, but they will have to pay a high cost.
Additional recommendations for choosing putty for the ceiling
For the ceiling, putties are usually offered, which have a finer particle fraction within 0.3 mm. As for the usual basic compositions, the fractional content of the particles in them does not exceed 0.6 mm. This allows a thinner layer to be applied. Polymer putty contains the smallest particles - up to 0.2 mm in diameter.
Such compositions are suitable for finishing where a smooth thin leveling layer is needed. In order to determine what is the minimum layer thickness, it is necessary to multiply the fraction size by 3. The finished mixture for the ceiling should be applied as thinly as possible, after leveling you can get a strong and even surface. It is important to properly prepare the rough base, it should be cleaned and made sure that it is strong enough. It is unacceptable to apply putty on plastic, metal and glass.
Conclusion
The cement type of exterior putty is more suitable for facade decoration than others. After all, this material is resistant to negative environmental factors and is able to show strength during operation. But for interior work, it is quite possible to choose gypsum or polymer putties, which can be applied in layers of different thicknesses, which will depend on the purpose of the mixture.
