The planer belongs to a group of special equipment designed for straight-line processing (chamfering) of blanks and wood products. There are many types of devices. They allow you to perform the initial processing of wood, preparing it for further finishing.
The machines have the ability to bevel at different angles, differ in the width of the workpiece, have a different table length and engine power.
Depending on the size of the working surface and the parameters of the workpieces, the planer is of the following types:
- light models with a maximum cutting width of up to 25 cm;
- medium (40cm);
- heavy (up to 630 mm).
By the number of cutting tools, one- and two-sided fixtures are produced. The first single-spindle devices are capable of processing only the lower part of the workpiece in one pass. On bilateralmechanisms simultaneously mill two adjacent sides of the product (edge and face).
The planer can be produced with a mechanical feed of the workpiece or manual. In the first case, the product moves using the built-in atomizer or conveyor mechanism.
Single-sided manual feed device has a frame in its design, on which the knife shaft, rear and front tables, as well as a guide ruler are located. The cutting shaft is driven by an electric motor through a V-belt transmission. The motor is mounted on a special plate located inside the frame.
In principle, the device has a simple design, and if you have the required parts and assemblies, you can assemble the planer with your own hands. Also, the design is equipped with a brake, which operates from an electromagnet and allows you to quickly stop the knife shaft. To change the thickness of the layer of wood being removed, a handle is used, with which the table moves in height and is adjusted according to the scale.
Such a planer for the production of carpentry building products can be operated by one person if the length of the products is less than one and a half meters.
In the process of work, it is necessary to evenly feed the workpiece onto the knife shaft, avoiding shocks and jerks, while the speed should be 6-10 meters per minute. When working, you should follow the safety rules, keeping your hands at a distance from the cutting element.
To finish twoadjacent surfaces of the product are first milled with a face, and then they are taken by the edge. A double-sided jointer allows this to be done in one pass. When working with products longer than 1.5 meters, the device must be operated by two people. One of them feeds the workpiece into the machine, pressing it against the guide ruler and the front table, the second worker helps to hold the product on the back table. If the wood has a slant, or it is milled against the fibers, then for high-quality processing it is recommended to reduce the feed speed.
To control the quality of the finish of products, they must be applied with treated surfaces to each other and visually compare the presence and size of the gap between them. Well planed wood should not have chips, longitudinal stripes, tears and other defects.
