Establishing the foundation is an important stage of construction, since the entire building depends on the quality of the foundation. For the construction of suburban dwellings, a strip foundation is sometimes arranged. The base of this type is prefabricated and monolithic. This material will describe the technology of laying floors on the ground with a strip foundation using wooden logs and a concrete screed.
Varieties
Low cost and fast construction time are the main advantages of flooring on the ground. In addition, all stages of work are carried out by hand, so the help of specialists is not required. It is possible to create a floor on the ground with a strip foundation in two ways, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Types of arrangement of flooring on the soil are as follows:
- Application of wood lag. In this case, it will be necessary to raise the structurefloor above the ground to allow ventilation of the wooden deck.
- Concreting - a way of arranging the coating, in which the floors in the building will be reliable and durable. With this method, the soil will act as a formwork for the subsequent reinforcement of the concrete slab.
The flooring installation technique will differ significantly, so you should consider in detail the installation of floors on the ground with a strip foundation in each case.
Advantages and disadvantages
The floor screed has the following advantages:
- to erect such a flooring is allowed on many varieties of soil;
- low ready mix consumption;
- simple and understandable work technique;
- ready base has a high frost resistance;
- you can lay, for example, linoleum, parquet, laminate or tile on the floor;
- quick construction time.
Establishing an object on a strip foundation with a floor on the ground has its drawbacks: when building a high base, it will be necessary to fill the sinuses of the base with a large amount of earth, which entails financial costs. In addition, the floor will completely dry and harden 28 days after pouring it.
Technology for erecting wood flooring
To make floors on the ground using beams, you must follow this instruction.
- Fill the ground with a 5 cm layer of rubble, and then tamp and coverbitumen.
- Install beacons, which will be needed later to install brick supports.
- The next step is the tie device, which will be the basis for the construction of the so-called bedside tables.
- Install brick pedestals along the perimeter of the floor, the height of each of which should be no more than 20 cm, at a distance of 80 cm from each other.
- Wrap the ends of the supports with waterproofing material (for example, roofing material).
- Wooden beams are installed on the brick "bedside tables", while the distance between the walls and the logs should be 2 cm.
- Grooed boards are nailed to the beams, which should be laid right next to each other.
- Check the surface of the structure for defects and irregularities using a building level.
- Putty the nail heads.
- To make a warm floor on the ground on a strip foundation, you need to make a layer of foam or mineral wool.
- Final stage - surface treatment with a paint and varnish composition.
If you follow the instructions correctly, you will end up with a strong and durable wooden flooring.
Features of concrete pavement
The floor on the ground is a simple design, the peculiarity of which is that there will be no free space between the ground and the flooring, that is, in this case there is no air gap. As a rule, with a strip base, such a flooring is made, however, similar floors can be built on the ground and in a pile-grillage foundation.
The structure of the concrete pavement will be made up of the following layers:
- sole;
- litter layer;
- hydro, steam and thermal insulation;
- carrier layer;
- screed;
- finishing.
Each layer performs a specific function, so it is important to arrange the concrete deck in that order.
Material selection: expert advice
If it is necessary to build a house on a strip foundation, and the floor is on the ground, then the construction time of the object will depend on the size of the structure. Building materials should be purchased taking into account this factor. It is recommended to perform the screed in such a way as to reduce cash costs, namely:
- Make a sand cushion, and then compact it with a vibrating plate.
- Form a reinforcing frame that must withstand the load of laminate, boards, linoleum or plywood.
- Lay a layer of foil insulation to reduce the number of heating points.
- If the buildings under construction do not provide basement walls, floors on the ground with strip foundations must be laid only on waterproofing material (for example, roofing material).
- Make a sub-base of cement, sand and gravel, the thickness of which should be 4-7 cm.
- The final stage is the implementation of a floor screed from a cement-sand mortar.
As a rule, for these works you will need to make a 15-centimeter layer of sand (the indicator depends on the depth of soil freezing). To perform flooringright, you need to clearly follow the instructions, consisting of several simple technological work. Compliance with the algorithm is a guarantee that in the end you will get a strong and durable design.
Initial stage: backfilling of the sand layer
Before starting this process, it is necessary to compact loose raw materials, so that the sand cushion will acquire the desired density. The work should be done in stages in this order.
- Fill the soil with sand. The thickness of this layer should be 10-15 cm, after which you need to compact it with a vibrating plate.
- Pour water over compacted sand. In this case, it is recommended to use a hose on which a nozzle in the form of a spray is installed. Important to know: an excessive amount of water can seriously impede further work, since such a sandy layer simply cannot be compacted with high quality.
- Wait until the layer is completely dry.
It is in this order that sand should be poured if a strip foundation has been erected under the floors in the building. It is necessary to pass along the ground with a vibrating plate more often in order to get a high-quality compacted layer.
Construction of reinforcement cage
This is a complex and long process. Experienced craftsmen recommend reinforcing the strip foundation according to the following step-by-step instructions.
- Lay some cross bars (each should be 6 to 8 mm in diameter).
- Calculate the depth of pouring the concrete solution.
- Shape the lower chord like this: place 12mm ribbed reinforcement on the cross bars.
- Install the upper vertical rods at the joints of the parts.
- Final step: laying two longitudinal rods on the elements.
Frame parts must be tied with steel wire.
Filling the foundation
The concrete base must be erected on the formed sand layer. The solution is prepared from M400 cement, river sand, crushed stone and water. To make concreting with your own hands, you should follow these steps:
- Pour the main 10 cm layer.
- Next, it is required to fill the prepared surface by 50 cm with a cement-sand mortar.
- Compact the concrete mass with a building vibrator or simply by tapping it with a hammer.
After pouring the first layer, it will be necessary to release air from it. To do this, take a reinforcing pin and use it to make small holes in the solution every two meters. It is recommended to pour the mixture at one time to reduce construction time.
Laying waterproofing
If a house is being built on a strip foundation with a floor on the ground, then the flooring must be protected from the negative effects of high humidity. The proximity of groundwater is the main reason why the foundation may collapse over time if the project did not provide for a waterproofing device. It is recommended to secure the flooring of the building in this way.
- Purchase 15 cm plastic sheeting, which should be laid on the surface with an overlap, andafter glue the seams of the material.
- It is recommended to equip the second layer in the same way to reliably protect the coating from moisture penetration.
- Insulate floors with Styrofoam or mineral wool (this layer should be 10 cm).
You can equip flooring on the ground using two technologies, each of which should be discussed in more detail.
Dry floor screed
This construction work is carried out in several layers: sand cushion, rough screed and waterproofing. This is the order in which the floors are built on the ground. After that, with the help of ready-made mixtures, a dry screed is made according to the following algorithm:
- Installation of beacons, profiles or strips, which must be fixed with putty.
- Pour crushed expanded clay between the parts, then level the material over the waterproofing layer that was organized earlier.
- Dry screed boards are laid on the floor, which are recommended to be fixed with 25 mm screws.
By the way, if the project provides for a pile foundation, floors on the ground can be done in the same way.
Performing a bulk screed
When a building object is being built on a strip foundation with a floor on the ground, then it is recommended to equip the flooring using this technology. After completion of work on the device of the bulk coating, the surface should become even.
The execution technique has many features:
- Waterproofing layershould be thoroughly cleaned of dirt and dust, and then several times treat the surface with liquid glass, previously diluted with water.
- The mixture for bulk screed will have to be prepared independently from water and bulk material.
- The finished composition should stand for about 10 minutes to acquire the desired hardness.
- It is recommended to pour the mixture on the flooring so that the layer thickness is within 3-10 mm.
- The screed should be leveled with a spatula.
- Recommended to smooth out unevenness with a spiked roller.
- The final step is finishing the cured coating.
It is recommended to make a bulk screed, because only in this way shrinkage of the walls will be excluded, as well as the sound insulation of the room will increase.
Final steps
Building floors on the ground is a complex matter, during which the boundaries of the layers must be correctly distributed. In addition, you will have to do waterproofing on the lighthouses. It is recommended to constantly check the quality of each of the layers so that the flooring is durable. If it is necessary to carry out communication, then the wires must be placed in a metal box, and the holes must be carefully treated with sealant.
If the floor on the ground on a strip foundation sags, it means that the technological process is not performed correctly. Most often this happens due to poor-quality solution. It is recommended to cover the flooring with insulation at the end of the work, and lay tiles, parquet boards, laminate or linoleum on top of it.
