Control valves are an indispensable component in modern water supply systems. There are different groups of such devices, each of which is responsible for certain infrastructure management parameters. One of the key places in the functionality of this regulation is occupied by a water reducer - a compact device designed to control pressure indicators.
Main device tasks
Normalization of pressure indicators in the water supply system is the main purpose of this device. The pressure reducing valve performs the operations of increasing and decreasing the pressure in a particular section of the pipeline, based on the current operational requirements. As for the areas of application, in most cases such regulation is carried out at the installation sites of sanitary fittings and other functional devices involved in the flow control processes. For example, a household water pressure reducer in a water supply system canbe installed on circuits where air vents, pressure gauges, flow sensors, etc. are also used.
Moreover, not only water, but also gas-air mixtures, special compositions of heat carriers and antifreezes can act as a working medium. Another thing is that in each case you will need a device with appropriate protective properties. In terms of gearbox protection, it is important to take into account its ability to withstand temperature extremes, mechanical loads and chemical influences when it comes to coolants with special additives.
Design of the water reducer
The device is a kind of valve mechanism, including a drive, a setter and a plate unloaded from hydrostatic forces. Sensing elements for regulation may vary, which will be discussed separately. Flanged fittings are used for connection, and fluoroplastic o-rings are responsible for sealing, although there are also so-called solid gearboxes, the design of which does without seals. The main material for the manufacture of a water reducer is metal, represented by cast iron or carbon stainless steel. Secondary parts and consumables can be made of composite materials, polyester fabric and other synthetics.
The principle of operation of the piston gearbox
The working mechanism is represented by a spring-loaded piston, which allows you to increase or decrease the pressure in the system. The force of the spring itself is acted upon by a special valve controlled throughdrive or manual. A small capacity limits the scope of piston water pressure reducers. In an apartment, for example, in this way it is possible to serve flows up to 1.5-2 m3/hour. At the same time, in order to prevent clogging, it is recommended to give preference to models with a built-in filter.
From the point of view of the principle of regulation, static and dynamic piston gearboxes can be distinguished. In the first case, the calculation is made for uneven water consumption with constant pressure adjustment. Such systems are installed at the entrances of water supply systems to private houses or apartments. Static models, in turn, work in conditions of maintaining a constant flow with approximately the same power. Activation of the device is required only in rare cases when changing the modes of supply of the working medium or changing the water temperature.
The principle of operation of a water reducer with a membrane
A spring is also used as a power regulating element, but its action is directed to the surface of the membrane, which acts as a valve. In order to avoid clogging, which can be critical for the membrane, the regulating mechanics is enclosed in a sealed chamber. Damping chambers also help to minimize the effect of mains vibrations on the sensing element of the regulator.
Due to structural optimization, this type of water reducer is capable of providing a flow rate of up to 3 m3/hour, which is a good indicator in the context of domesticapplications. In general, these devices are unpretentious in maintenance and universal in terms of application areas, which are also distinguished by a high service life.
Features of flow reducers
Designs with a minimum number of moving parts, which makes them durable. Regulation is carried out by shifting flows through different channels. At the heart of such a gearbox is a network of small separated water circuits. This configuration can be compared with labyrinths that impede the passage of the coolant. Thus, if necessary, the flow rate is reduced and, accordingly, the pressure indicator is reduced. As a rule, household flow type water reducers are used in irrigation systems at the outlet of an additional regulator.
Gearbox installation
For most gearboxes, the mounting position is not critical. However, in order to achieve an effective regulatory function, it is desirable to determine in advance the most advantageous location point on the flow line. For example, if you plan to install the device above the boiler or boiler, then the pressure readings will be incorrect due to the heating of the water in this area. This factor will also affect the operation of the regulator.
In addition, the device of the water reducer with a membrane is sensitive to temperature changes, which will also distort the control parameters. Directly during installation, the flow motion vector is also taken into account. Usually on the bodyThe arrow indicates the direction of water flow. Installation is carried out using complete plumbing fixtures, and on both sides of the installation site it will not be superfluous to also make a tie-in and ball valves to enable the gearbox to be dismantled without shutting off the water in the central line.
Pressure regulation process
The reducer can be adjusted after installation - especially since during installation the set pressure indicator may go astray. The operating mode setting unit is usually closed with a protective cap. It must be removed by opening access to the pressure disk. Through it, the water reducer is adjusted, which will help with a hex wrench. The disc rotates to the desired divisions with a pressure indicator. It must be borne in mind that the adjustment should be carried out only when the water supply from the points of intake is turned off. Again, if ball valves were provided, then it will be enough to close only them before adjusting.
Conclusion
Pressure drops in water supply and heating systems are a natural phenomenon and do not pose a serious threat if the load is kept under control. Otherwise, there will be a risk of water hammer, which can lead to equipment malfunctions, not to mention the risks of accidents in the pipeline itself. But this applies only to rare cases. Not every system (especially household) requires the arrangement of a special regulatory unit for such purposes, but if inIn principle, there are high loads due to the operation of powerful circulation equipment, it is advisable to insure yourself.
The standard water pressure reducer in the water supply system does not take up much space and does not interfere with the operation of other adjusting devices. In terms of financial costs, it will also not become a burden - a model of decent quality can be purchased for 1-1.5 thousand rubles. Experts recommend paying attention to the model lines of VALTEC, Watts, etc. By the way, some versions of heating and pumping equipment include gearboxes in the basic package. But, as practice shows, the presence of a separate device for monitoring pressure indicators is a more reliable solution to the problem. In systems where it is planned to control several long water circulation lines, this configuration with separate gearboxes is the only possible one.
