Roof construction is often carried out by property owners themselves. If we are talking about a gable design, then it is easy to use and install. Such a system can become a reliable covering for the building and add another room to the living space if the interior design is correct, which especially concerns the optimal slope angle.
System selection
The construction of a gable type roof can be done independently if you have the skills to work with wood and have an understanding of engineering design schemes. You should use the help of several people who will be ready to take part in the laborious process. To date, several varieties of gable roof structures are known. Before deciding and choosingsuitable, you should think about what will be located under the roof - a living room or an attic. Gable roofs can have a layered or hanging structure. Their difference lies in the fasteners and retaining elements.
Hanging rafter structure
Roof construction can be carried out on the basis of a hanging truss structure. If the house does not have capital partitions, then the truss system should be supported only on the side walls, using a hanging lightweight structure. It is applicable if the distance between the walls is equal to the limit from 6 to 14 m. Hanging rafters will give an impressive load on the main side walls. To reduce it, diagonal and horizontal connecting elements should be used. They will fix the rafters among themselves and have the following names:
- puffs;
- crossbars;
- struts;
- grandmothers.
Material selection
The elements that support the system can be fixed to the ridge beam or rafters at any point. For example, at the bottom of the rafters, you can place puffs that will act as floor beams. For puffs and rafters, thick blanks are selected, which is true for the case when there is living space in the attic. The construction of the roof involves the installation of rafters, the boards for them should have dimensions equal to 55 x 200 mm.
Work methodology
Waterproofing should be laid on opposite load-bearing walls, roofing material can act as it, it must be laid in several layers. A Mauerlat is fixed on top, it is necessary to use anchors in the process. This part has the appearance of a powerful beam, on which the rafters will rest and be fixed. There is a tie bar on it, which will serve as a floor beam.
For Mauerlat, a square bar with a side of 120 or 150 mm is usually used. Butt to the Mauerlat with a step of 500 to 600 mm, beams are laid on the load-bearing wall, which will make up the attic floor. For safety and convenience of work, boards should be laid on the beams. This will allow you to get a platform where you can connect the rafters.
The construction of houses, the roof of which has a gable structure, involves connecting the rafters in one of two ways. The first involves cutting corners and fastening with plates or wooden linings. The second technique involves the formation of grooves at the ends of the rafters. Fastening is carried out with bolts. Details can be fastened with crossbars for rigidity. In some cases, the formation of grooves is abandoned, then the rafters are bolted together, this technology is called overlap fastening.
Expert Tips
One of the important systems of the house is the roof. The construction of the roof involves placing the first two rafters on the Mauerlat after they are fastened together. The evenness of all the rest depends on these works.rafters. In order for these elements to be set correctly, grooves should be prepared in them that will allow the rafters to stand on the Mauerlat as tightly as possible.
In order to provide additional rigidity to the rafters, in addition to the grooves, metal corners should be used, the elements with their help are attached to the Mauerlat with self-tapping screws. As soon as the first pair of rafters is installed, the same bundle is made on the second side of the building. A cord is stretched between these elements, which will act as a level. All truss pairs should be leveled along it. Between themselves, the rafters after installation should be fixed with a ridge beam, which is located below.
What is important to remember when working
Puffs are installed on the rafters. If the room is residential, then the beam should be oriented high so that it acts as the basis for the ceiling. The design and construction of roofs has recently been increasingly carried out by the owner of the property independently. If you plan to make the room an ordinary attic, then the puffs should be placed lower and use reinforcing elements like slopes or racks that will connect the floor beams and rafters.
All connections for rigidity should be fixed with self-tapping screws or nails, and additionally reinforced with brackets, corners or metal plates. Once the rafter system is completed, the boards that make up the floor should be screwed or nailed to the beams, after which you can proceed to the internal and external arrangement.
Soft roof installation
The construction of a soft roof can be started at the next stage. To do this, prepare the tools:
- knife;
- hammer;
- hacksaw;
- pencil;
- roulette;
- trowel.
Works do not require special skills. As a covering material, soft tiles can be used, which are laid with an angle of inclination ranging from 12 to 90 °. The material has a low weight, so it will not give a large load on the floor. At the first stage, the base should be prepared, for this they are usually used:
- cut board;
- OSB;
- sheets of plywood.
The main condition is the creation of a perfectly flat surface. It is important to ensure that there is a ventilation gap. Its size is 5 cm or more. It is necessary to position the hood from above, while the supply opening must be from below. This gap is required in order to prevent ice formation in winter and to reduce the temperature inside in summer.
Now you can proceed to the installation of the lining material, it is rolled along the entire length. Every 20 cm, the edges should be reinforced, all joints should be sealed with glue. The technology at the next stage provides for the installation of cornice strips, they will protect the crate system from precipitation. Cornice strips are installed on the lining, which can be replaced with droppers. At the same time, it is important to ensure an overlap of 2 cm. To protect the edges of the crate, frontalplanks. Their installation can be done in the next step, providing the same overlap. Fastening is carried out at the ends of the roof using special nails.
Work Tips
The valley carpet is spread on the lining, it must have a color corresponding to the covering material. This element is necessary to prevent moisture from entering the valleys. You can strengthen the edges in 10 cm increments with roofing nails. Now you should start laying the tiles. It is mounted along the cornice overhang, and for this you need to use a self-adhesive base.
The protective film should be removed only before starting to attach the canvases. You need to start work from the central part of the overhang of the cornice, heading towards the end of the roof. It is necessary to remove the lower edge of the tile from the lower edge of the eaves by 1 cm. The covering material is first glued, and then additionally nailed. The edges of the tiles at the ends should be cut and glued to 10 cm. In order to open the strip of the valley carpet, the material in the valleys is cut to 15 cm. To protect the lower layer of the roof, a piece of plywood should be placed.
Cost of works
If you are not planning to build a roof yourself, then you should be interested in the price of building a roof. Installation of the crate will cost 150 rubles. per square meter. The vapor barrier device costs 100 rubles. per square meter. If you need to insulate the roof, then you will have to pay 200 rubles. per square meter.
When building a roof from metal tiles, professionals will ask for 500 rubles for the installation of the material. per squaremeter. A roof made of flexible tiles will cost the consumer 300 rubles. per square meter. Using cement-sand tiles in the process of work, the team will request 600 rubles. per square meter.
The cost of building a roof may include additional installation work. For example, filing cornices will cost 670 rubles. per running metre. If you need to install snow retainers, you will additionally pay 550 rubles. per running metre. Skylights are installed at a price of 5,200 rubles. per piece.
