When the old plumbing in the apartment rots, fistulas and perspiration appear on the pipes, it becomes necessary to install a new one. You can do it yourself, without obtaining permits and without paperwork. You need to turn off the water supply to the risers, and then get to work, after which you can use the new system for decades.
Pipe replacement procedure
If you started the installation of pipes, then you need to be guided by a certain technology, which at the first stage provides for the choice of material, as well as the wiring diagrams for cold and hot water. The next step will be the development of a water supply scheme, as well as the calculation of the diameter of the pipes according to the material. The master prepares the installation tool, purchases the material, and also dismantles the old pipeline and plumbing fixtures.
For reference
After the new pipes are installed, you can mount and connect plumbing. At the final stage, the boiler is installed and connected,if provided by the scheme.
Choice of pipe material
Pipe installation can be carried out after purchasing the products. However, the first step is to select the material. Copper can act as it, but some experts do not advise using it, since, in contact with water, this material is able to form cuprous oxide.
Metal-plastic has been used most often lately, such pipes are quite expensive, but you can connect them yourself without having professional experience. The metal-plastic water pipe is connected on threaded assemblies with fittings or gaskets. Such products can be bent, and the hydrodynamic resistance and pressure loss will be very small. In order to insert such a pipe into the fitting, you will need press tongs, a pipe cutter and a set of reamers. Among other things, the service life of gaskets in fittings is limited. This is required to know if you are going to hide the pipes.
Traditional solution
Pipe installation can be carried out on the basis of plastic products, which are already generally accepted today. You can use polybutylene with good bendability, polyethylene which is cheap but cannot withstand temperatures above 60°C, and PVC which is well known for its chemical resistance, low cost and heat resistance up to 80°C.
Piping installation: drawing up a wiring diagram
Pipe installation can be carried out according to one of two schemesdrawdown, it can be parallel and sequential. In the latter case, the parsing points must be connected to a common pipe using tees. This scheme is considered the most economical, but with an impressive number of parsing points or low pressure, it is unsuitable, since it greatly reduces pressure. In this case, you can use a parallel circuit in which the valves control the pressure point by point.
Features of the installation of the piping system
If you decide to install pipes with your own hands, then at the first stage you need to install arcs, which are plastic strips for mixers. They should be fixed to the main wall with dowels. When fixing, consider the thickness of the finish, such as tiles or plaster.
The next step is to assemble the pipeline sections. The most accessible technology is assembly on the table and further installation of pipes. However, in this case, the question may arise of how to pass the pipes through the walls. If you use metal-plastic, then there will be no special problems, since it is assembled using detachable fittings, while for brazed pipes, you can use one of the following methods.
It is recommended to use adapters and metal-plastic inserts. For an apartment, this method will be quite reliable, and in the corners above the pipes it is necessary to make removable hatches for repairing threaded connections and revisions. However, it is possible to install the pipeline system in place, for thisusing a compact soldering iron. It costs more, and you need to work with it in cotton gloves so as not to get burned.
After you can cut pipes, you can’t saw them, which is especially true for metal-plastic. You need to cut with a pipe cutter; for metal-plastic and plastic, such a tool has different characteristics. The next step will be soldering, one of them takes 15 mm of pipe. There can be one meter between two fittings, for this, 1030 mm should be cut off. If between them is 0.6 m, then it is necessary to cut off a workpiece of 630 mm. When the installation of water pipes is carried out, then at the next stage they must be bent, the minimum allowable radius is 5 outer diameters. Do not use sand for this, which allegedly helps to bend products to any angle. In this case, the internal coating deteriorates, the residual stress exceeds the permissible values.
After the plumbing is put into operation, you should install a boiler, if one is present in your apartment. Branch pipes for it must be made in advance, but the valves open immediately after the installation of the pipe, additionally the branch pipes are muffled.
Laying steel pipes
Installation of steel pipes that have a galvanized coating cannot be carried out by welding, but threaded connections are used quite often. This is due to the fact that under significant thermal loads, the steel will burn out. The use of special welding modes and filler materials will solve the problemonly partially.
When installing steel pipes for water supply and heating, the elements are connected using gas welding. This method allows you to achieve a better connection of elements. For this, a technological hole is cut in the pipe, and part of the seam is applied from the inner surface. At the first stage, it is necessary to carry out the marking and cutting of the material in those places where it is necessary to perform docking. When cleaning the edge, it is recommended to use an emery wheel. Next, the edges are prepared, this stage is to give them such a geometric shape that would contribute to a perfect fit.
If the thickness of the pipe is more than 3 mm, then for arc welding, the bevel of the corner must be greater than 45 ° C. In gas welding, the edges should be melted with a flame at the place where the joint should be. In order to eliminate gaps, molten metal should be applied between the ends of the pipes, filling the space with it. After that, the filler half is attached.
Laying sewer pipes
Installation of sewer pipes provides for a certain slope, which is necessary for the natural drainage of sewage. If this parameter changes from 0.02 to 0.03°, then the optimal sewage speed will be approximately equal to 1 m/s. In other words, for each linear meter in a horizontally located pipe, it is necessary to organize a slope towards the drain of 3 cm.
Installation of sewer pipes, the diameter of which does not exceed 5 cm, must be laid with a slope of 30 mm onevery running metre. If pipes with a larger working diameter are used, then the slope can be reduced to 20 mm per linear meter.
