A chainsaw is a tool designed to process wood using the mechanical energy of a combustible fuel. Among the main elements in the design, one can distinguish a chain, a tire and an engine. Thanks to them, fuel energy is converted into mechanical energy, which can significantly reduce the load during operation.
History of Creation
The design used in modern saws dates back to the 9th century. However, only in the XX century. people began to use various types of drives, which made it possible to simplify and speed up the process of sawing wood.
Unfortunately, there is no reliable information about who invented the chainsaw. It is known that the first person to start using a chain saw on a fuel engine is Andreas Stihl. One of the best brands is named after him. The Stihl chainsaw device will be discussed a little lower.
Classification
The main types of saws include 3 types:
- Household. They have a simple design and are designed to perform simple work. For example, cut down a small tree on your site. They are light in weight andcomfortable design.
- Semi-professional. They have a large scope, but cannot be used daily for 8-10 hours. Most often they cut knots in logging.
- Professional. A powerful tool designed for daily work of 10-16 hours a day throughout the year. They are made of durable materials and are used for felling trees.
Chainsaw device
Consists of the following components:
- Chain. This is a set of individual links of a certain size, closed in a ring. It is necessary to seriously approach the choice of the chain. In non-professional saws, it has a fine pitch and reduced vibration. In others, the distance between the teeth is greater. It allows you to significantly increase productivity. When replacing, remember that items from different manufactures may not fit together.
- Tire. This is a metal plate with a small thickness. Designed to secure the chain. In household saws, the cavities between the metal layers are filled with a special polyamide. Professional ones are equipped with additional interchangeable heads. The tire comes in different lengths, which is indicated in the data sheet specifically for each saw separately. Wrong sizing results in accelerated wear and increased fuel consumption.
- Chain wheel and 2-stroke engine that drives the chain. Runs on gasoline mixed with oil in a certain proportion.
A chainsaw device with additional features
When choosing a tool, you need to pay attentionon weight, power, presence of protective devices and auxiliary elements.
Vibration protection and start assist
The fluctuations that occur during work have a very strong effect on human he alth. The joints are especially affected. Anti-vibration system to keep you he althy and improve your working comfort.
The start system allows you to stop the chainsaw for certain periods of time and easily start it if necessary. It helps a lot when you have to move between trees often.
Carburetor adjustment
Mostly chainsaws do not need any additional adjustments. But sometimes adjusting screws and levers are used to improve performance. They are necessary to set the optimal operating speed.
Stihl chainsaw device
The company is the most popular and in demand. You should consider the design on a specific model of this manufacturer.
STIHL MS 180 is used for tree work and wood harvesting. Its weight is about 4 kg, length - 0.35 m and power - 1.5 kW. Power comes from a gasoline engine running on 90 octane fuel and half-diluted with oil.
The device of the "Shtil-180" chainsaw does not differ from most other brands and has the following structural elements:
- Casing.
- Tire, chain and its tensioner. For long breaks in work, they must be stored in a container with oil.
- Adjustment screw.
- 4shock absorber. Allows you to significantly reduce the level of vibration.
- 2 fuel tanks with plugs.
- Carburetor. It is set at the factory and requires no intervention, only timely maintenance.
- Valve.
- Chain catcher with brake.
- Asterisk.
- Levers for switching and supplying fuel.
- Noise silencer.
- Stop.
- 2 hand guards.
Ural chainsaw device
One of the most common brands of chainsaws is produced in the city of Perm. This is a professional tool that is designed to perform heavy work. But it is allowed to use it in simpler conditions. According to the data sheet, the tool can be operated at temperatures from -40 to +40 degrees.
For refueling, a mixture of A-72 or A-93 gasoline fuel with machine oil is used.
Chainsaw device:
- 3.68 kW motor.
- Rama.
- Vibration elimination system.
- Chain with automatic brake and tensioner.
- Tire.
- Reducer.
- Levers to control.
- Hydroklin. Used to set direction.
- Start/Stop button.
- 1.6 liter fuel tank.
- Sprockets and steering wheel.
Druzhba chainsaw device
Like the Ural chainsaw, it consists of basic elements that are common to all tools. This is an engine, a tank withfuel, tire with chain, gearbox, frame and launch control system.
Also, there are additional knots in the construction. This is a crankshaft with a connecting rod, a clutch with a drive and driven disc, a cooling, power and ignition system.
The saw has a two-stroke gasoline engine. The fuel is in the main tank, and the oil is in the secondary tank. However, such chainsaws cannot be refueled with pure gasoline. A mixture diluted with oil in the required proportions is used. Thanks to this, all the working parts of the saw are lubricated.
Before starting work, check the chain tension. If it sags, then it should be tightened. This will extend the life of the sprocket, tire and shock absorbers. For improved starting, there is a brake with a handle, a throttle adjustment lever and a starter cord.
Partner chainsaw device
This is one of the leading companies that specializes in the production of household and semi-professional tools. The most demanded and popular models are Partner 350S and P351 XT CHROME. They are perfect for work in the country, in the countryside or in a private house.
The body of the saw is made of lightweight plastic, while the crankcase is made of metal. This allows you to protect the lower part of the tool for a longer period of time.
Anti-vibration system reduces recoil, and comfortable grip handles provide a comfortable grip. The cylinder is made of chrome. It improves heat dissipation andincreases engine life.
The fuel supercharger is located above the tank. It allows you to speed up the process of starting the chainsaw. The fuel pump removes air from the carburetor.
The chain brake is applied automatically or can be activated manually if necessary.
Husqvarna chainsaw device
This is a leader in the production of amateur instruments, which also produces semi-professional models. The chainsaw device can be seen on the example of Husqvarna 570.
Consists of the following nodes and elements:
- 1.6KW motor.
- Tire with guide and sprocket. It has 2 versions: 13 and 15 inches long.
- Chain. The thickness of 1 link is 1.3 mm.
- Tension adjustment screw.
- Starter grips.
- Chain brake.
- 2 tanks for fuel and oil.
- Cylinder cover.
- Ignition system and carburetor.
- Throttle and choke levers.
- Muffler.
- Protective casing for the right hand.
Chainsaw sharpener
Over time, the chain begins to wear out, and the work slows down a lot. Recognizing that sharpening is required is very easy. The applied efforts increase, the chips become small, and the working part stops climbing into the wood.
Great attention is paid to sharpening. This process requires skill and patience. It depends on the shape of the tooth and the type of wood to be cut.
Sharpening withusing a file is the easiest and most economical way. As fixtures, a clamp and a pattern are used. The first helps to keep the tire stationary, and the second helps to select and fix the correct angle. After that, the risk of doing something wrong is reduced, since in the process of sharpening the pattern moves along the tire with the help of rollers.
The choice of file depends on the size of the chain. With the help of a flat, the tooth limiter is removed.
An important condition is the observance of a certain sharpening angle. To do this, some manufacturers leave labels by which the process is easy to control.
Sometimes the cutting edge loses its shape, and you can't restore it with a file. If you do not use another device, chainsaw repair will be necessary in the very near future. Improper operation of the chain will lead to inevitable breakdowns.
In such cases, a sharpening machine is used. It comes with manual and electric drive. After removing and fixing the chain, as well as choosing the right angle, you can begin the process.
There are several ways to sharpen. Sequential means that each tooth is treated separately and one after the other. The difference is only in polarity. When sharpening through the tooth, every second is processed, while maintaining the polarity.
In large-scale production, automatic chain sharpening is used. The method is the fastest and most popular. The saw is fixed in the machine with a grindstone and turns on. The chain starts moving andsharpen. This method is simple, fast and does not require special skills.
Sharpening the chain with a grinder. Many call this method barbaric and rude. But if you master it, then it will become very effective and in demand. You will need a circle for working on metal with already planted edges and a wooden layer. It is installed between the chain and the bar.
With a good eye and an experienced hand, the number of notches can be large, which will allow the saw to work longer.
This method has significant advantages over others. It saves time, effort and money.
Nuances when sharpening the chain
Among the disadvantages of sharpening with a file are the need for a large amount of time and rapid wear of the tool.
When using a manual machine, do not grind the chain to a great depth. This will reduce the power and strength of the teeth.
After sharpening, the chain should be cleaned with compressed air and allowed to rest for several hours.
The method requires a lot of time and effort, as well as large financial investments. In addition, it is necessary to have several replacement chains so as not to interrupt the work schedule.
When using a grinder, you should be very careful and careful. With a lack of experience, you can not only damage the chain, but also injure yourself. Before you take the grinder in your hands, you should provide yourself with personal protective equipment.
Manufacturer's Choice
Undoubtedly, European chainsaw companies are market leaders in any country. Products are distinguished by quality, reliability and long service life. However, its cost is above average.
Therefore, you should pay attention to companies that produce budget options. A Chinese-made chainsaw device may not be much worse, but cost less.
If the tool is needed for small jobs in the garden or at the dacha, then you should not buy an expensive and heavy professional model. The Chinese version is perfect for home use. It is much easier to operate, not as heavy, and the cost is much cheaper than European firms.
