Each of us, when choosing lamps, has noticed more than once that there are simply a huge number of them - different designs, power, bases of different shapes and much more. So, sometimes you think about whether to buy some new lamp, because, according to the manufacturer, there is no harm from it, and it saves electricity, and it shines quite brightly. Let's take a look at what types of light bulbs exist and how they differ from each other. We will also talk about which are more and which are less harmful to he alth.
General information
Currently, a large number of different lighting lamps are on the market. The price between the cheapest and most expensive can vary significantly. At the same time, consumer and technological properties of the product also differ. In principle, sometimes it does not make much sense to purchase a lamp that is too expensive, howeverSometimes it's just necessary. In any case, a lot depends on the operating conditions. For example, at elevated ambient temperatures, some lamps are used, at a high level of moisture - others, in frost - thirds, and so on. To date, there are the following types of light bulbs:
- incandescent;
- fluorescent;
- halogen;
- LED.
Let's take a look at each group and find out how they differ from each other. No doubt there is a lot to talk about here.
Incandescent lamps
These are perhaps the most common and popular lamps. We can say that for a long time, they were out of competition in the market. However, now the situation has changed somewhat, but we will not talk about that. The power of such lamps ranges from 15 to 300 watts, and the shape can be different. Today they are represented by two varieties: these are krypton and bispiral. Krypton incandescent lamps use krypton gas. The power of such products is usually not higher than 100 watts and not lower than 40. Good light output can be distinguished from the advantages.
The second variety is bispiral lamps. They give light due to the tungsten filament, which has an arcuate shape. Usually the surface of the lamps is made transparent, but there are also mirror and opal. It makes sense to say that matting slightly worsens the light output, but at the same time makes the light more diffused. With such lighting, our eyes feel most comfortable and do notget tired. Now let's look at other types of light bulbs. First - about the most popular.
Fluorescent lamps
In recent years, fluorescent lamps have become widespread. They have a number of significant advantages. Their power ranges from 8 to 80 watts. The principle of operation of the lamp is based on the effect of ultraviolet radiation on phosphors in a gaseous medium. It is safe to say that any kind of bulbs of this type are pleasing to the eye, as they give a diffused and soft light.
Currently, fluorescent lamps are the main competitor of incandescent lamps. They are several times more economical. At the same time, at the same power, the luminous flux of fluorescent lamps is about 6-8 times higher. We can also say that their service life differs. In our case, it is about 10-20 times higher. By the way, there are also disadvantages that are inherent in all such lamps: firstly, they are sensitive to temperature changes, and secondly, they often flicker due to power surges.
Types of energy-saving light bulbs
We have already considered fluorescent lamps, and now let's talk about halogen bulbs. The key feature of such products is that they are very bright. It should be understood that they come in various forms. So, in some cases it is possible to achieve diffused light, in others - concentrated. It is also worth noting that such lamps are very small, for this simple reason they are extremely popular in the design of the room, sohow they are invisible and at the same time bright enough.
It is worth paying attention to the fact that all types of energy-saving light bulbs, in particular halogen ones, do not tolerate the touch of human hands. This is due to the fact that a small amount of fat will remain on the surface, which in any case is present on the fingers and palms. When turned on, the lamp heats up intensively and a black spot appears in place of the fat, and this significantly reduces the resource, on average by 30-50%, it is impossible to say more precisely. When properly used, these lamps have a very good lifespan, although sometimes there is a problem with the contacts, which often burn out.
About LED lighting
All types of LED light bulbs are considered economical. We can say that they consume really little electricity, usually 50% less than incandescent lamps. Agree, with the same light intensity, this is just an excellent result. Such lamps have not only high luminous efficiency, but also a long service life. In fact, all this makes such lamps unique in their own way, and this is true. True, voltage drops in the network adversely affect the LEDs, which will burn out instantly.
Recently, interesting models of lamps began to appear on the market. Their main feature is the autonomy of the product. They turn on at nightfall and run on solar panels or conventional batteries. In addition, the lampsneither low nor too high temperatures are terrible. Their performance will not be affected.
What is a plinth?
In short, the base is a kind of structural element of the lamp, which makes it possible to install it in the socket. But since some types of lamps do not provide for a classic cartridge, then the base, in fact, may be absent. In addition, it is used as a transmitter of electricity between the network and the lamp itself. Of course, often the base is made of metal, but in some cases it is made of ceramic. The outer part of the product contains contacts, and the inner part contains filaments and electrodes.
It must be understood that each lamp has its own type of cartridge, so only certain bulbs can be installed there. Types of socles are divided into threaded and pin. Threaded (screw) is more common in everyday life, however, for example, halogen lamps most often have a pin base. That is why before buying, always inspect the labeling of the light bulb. You can learn to distinguish the types of bases by the letter on the body: G - pin base, E - threaded base, and so on.
Edisson pin and base
Halogen and LED lamps are usually equipped with a pin base. We can say with confidence that this is a very popular and effective solution, which allows not only to instantly replace a burned-out lamp, but also to significantly reduce its dimensions. At the same time, a pair of metal pins provides good contact. But it is extremely important that the socket where the base is inserted is tight. If it is loose, then the lamp will constantly move away, and this is not good.
In principle, all types of electric light bulbs can operate from such a base, the only exceptions are gas-discharge ones. Edison base (screw) - the most reliable and common. It provides excellent contact and fits all household lamps and chandeliers, as it is standardized. This is the best solution in terms of price / quality ratio.
Something about lampholders
The most common socket for electric lamps is E27. It is used for incandescent, LED and sometimes halogen lamps. In second place is E14, which differs from the one described above in a smaller diameter and thread. Usually low-power lamps are placed on it. Ceramics and special plastics are used as materials for manufacturing. The latter is less preferable, because due to high temperatures it can collapse, release dangerous gases and serve as a source of ignition. In Soviet times, the same types of bulb holders were used, but they were somewhat better. In any case, for normal operation, it is not recommended to install more powerful lamps than expected, as this will lead to the destruction of the cartridge.
And more about lamps
We have already discussed with you the main types of light bulbs and types of socles. I would like to note that it is not recommended to buy non-standard lamps. This is due to the fact that it is problematic to install them in the cartridge. Moreover, they can fail, and it is difficult to find a replacement for them, anda suitable cartridge is even more difficult. You need to understand that all types of category H car bulbs, and any other, are not used in everyday life, but they can be installed in the garage for additional lighting, etc.
Conclusion
So we have considered the most interesting with you. Now you know what types of halogen bulbs, incandescent, fluorescent and others are. You need to understand that sometimes it is advisable to use one, and in other cases - the other. So, often many types of diode bulbs are not used as the main lighting. They are suitable for illuminating dark places, etc. Nevertheless, some models are quite powerful and act as not only alternative, but also the main lighting. In principle, this is all that can be said about modern lamps, socles and cartridges for them.
