If you have purchased a suburban area and plan to build a small house or a large cottage there, then first you need to build a compact structure. It is usually called a hozblok or change house. This room is divided inside by partitions into several sections, one of which can serve as a pantry, the other - a bathroom, the third - tool storage. Inside you can even equip a summer kitchen.
Design features
The value of such a building is difficult to overestimate, so you need to learn more about how to build a household block for a summer residence. You can make the building wooden by sheathing it on the outside with a profiled sheet or clapboard. The roof is usually covered with sheet metal or inexpensive rubber tiles.
Windows can be placed on two walls so that it is light inside. So you will not spend money on electricity. If there is no desire to divide the interior space with partitions, cabinets can be used for this purpose, which will allowseparate zones from each other. In order to feel comfortable inside the hozblok in winter, the walls, floors and roof must be insulated, for this it is better to use the following materials:
- polyurethane foam;
- membrane;
- glass wool mats.
Hozblock installation rules
Hozblok for giving will be a utility room, which must meet the requirements prescribed in SNiP 30-02-97. It is important to take into account the purpose of the building. If there is a shower inside, then the minimum distance from the neighbors of the building should be 8 m, while to the border of the site you must ensure a distance of 1 m.
Every meter between the building and other objects can be used as efficiently as possible. For example, a woodpile is usually placed on a piece of land, fruit bushes are planted, or a canopy is installed. On several acres of territory, each square meter is worth its weight in gold, so the only way to save land for planting will be to combine household premises under one roof.
Benefit and comfort
You can create a multifunctional building that will resemble a house with rooms. Such a bath will differ only in size and degree of insulation. In one room can fit a shower, toilet and pantry. Whereas a large canopy will serve as a garage. You can use the available space as efficiently as possible if you also build a second floor. From above, you can place a guest room, a hayloft or a dovecote.
Requiredmaterials
The market today offers many options for ready-made hozblokov. You can do construction on your own. The following materials must be purchased in advance:
- bar;
- cut board;
- roofing material;
- plywood;
- gravel;
- sand;
- cement;
- asbestos-cement pipe.
The beam can have a different section - from 5 x 10 cm to 15 x 15 cm. If there is no roofing material, then you can use its analogue. Cement, gravel and sand are needed to make concrete. As for the asbestos-cement pipe, its diameter should be 15 cm.
Working on the foundation
At the first stage, it is necessary to mark the perimeter of the foundation. To do this, the pillars are located at the corners and in the center of the long sides, if their length is more than 6 m. The soil is preliminarily prepared, for this, a layer of soil should be removed, deepening 20 cm.
For each pillar, a hole is required, the depth of which can reach a limit of 1.2 m. A pillar for the foundation of the appropriate length is placed there. At the bottom it is necessary to fill in fine gravel or sand, which is compacted. After the pipes are installed in the holes, their position should be checked vertically. It is best to use the building level for this. Sand is poured into the free space. The inside of the pipes should be filled with cementsolution by 1/3, and then raise the pipe section. This will allow the concrete to form a solid base for the foundation pipes. The cavities are then completely filled with cement mortar.
To reinforce the subsequent fixation of the base from the beam in 4 corner posts, it is necessary to install reinforcing pieces that are fixed in the solution. They should protrude 20 cm above the surface. Instead of reinforcement, you can use anchors that are fixed on the foundation. A frame made of timber is attached to them by means of nuts. Pipes are poured so that air sinuses do not form inside. Hardening will occur only after 2 weeks. During this time, the solution is wetted with water, in addition, it should be protected from direct sunlight.
Frame reinforcement and frame construction
Working on the hozblok for giving, at the next stage you can start forming the frame, which will be the base. While the foundation hardens, you can start assembling the frame. For this, a square bar with a side of 15 cm is used. It is installed in the shape of a rectangle. The long side will be equal to 6 m, the short side - 3 m. At the corners, the elements are fixed in half a tree.
If you have to work with an anchor, you will need 2 fasteners; for reinforcement - 4. Between the wooden frame and the foundation pillars, a layer of roofing material should be made, the ends of which are bent down to prevent the accumulation of rain moisture. The beam should be protected from mold, insects and water by treating it with an antiseptic. One of the common options is drying oil, which is applied in 2 layers.
Ramaenhanced by transverse lags, which are located at the same interval. For these works, a square-section beam with a side of 10 cm is used. When building a utility block for a summer residence, at the next stage, you can start building a frame. For this, a beam with a smaller cross section is used than for installing the foundation. First, parts of the frame are assembled from the ends. There should be window openings on both sides. Fixation of vertical racks on the frame is carried out with self-tapping screws and steel corners.
In order to seat the rack on the reinforcement of the foundation, centimeter holes should be drilled. This will fix the corner posts. Between them there will be struts that are bolted. Once assembled, opposite sides should look identical.
The next step is to assemble the front facade. The middle racks are fastened in increments of 1.8 m. In order for them not to move when attaching other elements, they are temporarily connected to each other with a board mounted on a self-tapping screw.
Hozblok will consist of two sections, so you need two doorways and an additional partition. The dimensions of the doorways will be 2 x 0.85 m. There will also be a window opening on the front side. It must be installed between the 2nd and 3rd racks. The rear facade should be assembled in the same way as the front, but the process will be simplified, because there are no door and window openings.
Two middle racks are set at intervals of 1.8 m, braces are fixed between the two racks. The final touch will be the top interchange, whichis located at a height of 2 m. For this, a beam 5 x 10 cm is used. The structure is formed from elements that are fastened together end-to-end and fixed with galvanized corners.
Roof work
When assembling the hozblok in the country, the next step is to install the truss system. It is performed on the ground, and then installed on top in finished form. It is necessary to properly assemble the crate, which may have intervals or be solid. Everything will depend on the roofing material.
The tilt angle is 10˚. During installation, the rafters are attached to self-tapping screws, and the cornices and overhangs are sheathed with edged boards. In order to prevent the formation of cracks, holes are drilled under the screws.
Final works
After looking at the photo of the household blocks in the country, you can decide what material to use for the interior and exterior cladding. This stage will be final. It is necessary to lay a roof covering on the roof, which can be:
- slate;
- tile;
- sheet iron.
The next step is to install doors and windows. If necessary, you can mount internal partitions, which will be frame. They are often sheathed with plywood. You can insulate the outer walls with expanded polystyrene or mineral wool.
Hozblok with amenities
Hozblok with a toilet for giving can become a placewhich will provide comfort for the whole family. The site for construction should not be in a lowland. A columnar foundation can act as the basis of the hozblok. Once the markings for the base are completed, you can begin to equip the pit for the cesspool. It is necessary to go deeper by 2 m or more. The length and width of the pit can be different, usually these values \u200b\u200bare equal to 150 x 100 cm.
As soon as the hole is dug, it is strengthened. For this, the walls are laid out with bricks. The cement mortar will act as an adhesive. The walls are ready. Now a mixture of sand and gravel is poured to the bottom, after which everything is concreted. You should get a hole where the contents do not seep through the walls and bottom.
As soon as the hozblok is built according to the above scheme, you can install a drain pipe under the shower. The other end of the pipe is brought out. A metal channel can act as a frame for a cesspool. When building a hozblok for giving with a toilet and a shower, you must install a pedestal in the restroom. For this, bars with a length of 40 cm are used. They are fastened together with metal corners. As a result, you should get a frame that looks like a step. This design will be the pedestal.
She is sheathed with a 20 cm board. All sewage from the shower and toilet should be sent to the cesspool. In the shower room, it will be necessary to fill the floors with crushed stone in order to spend less concrete. The space in the shower is filled with mortar, leaving only the drain hole. On this, we can assume that the hozblok with a shower for giving and is ready.
In closing
If you do not plan to build on your own, you can purchase a finished structure. If it has dimensions of 4 x 4 m, then it will cost you 98,600 rubles. A household block for a summer residence with assembly on the site can cost 22,900 rubles if its dimensions are 2 x 1.5 m. If you want to buy something in between, then you should choose a 2 x 2 m building, which will cost 25,900 rubles. Household blocks for giving with assembly look neat and may have different configurations.
