Designing facades of houses is a procedure for complex calculation and analysis of the bearing capacity of building envelopes and walls. Based on the results of the analysis, you can understand what materials to use, what work to carry out for the construction of the facade, as well as what requirements of the climate zone to apply.
At this stage, the fire safety of the object, the customer's wishes for decoration and wind loads are determined. A ready-made working draft allows you to quickly mount the facade, determine the most important components of the work and display the final cost.
Main design steps
Designing ventilated facades is accompanied by the preparation of technical specifications. At the first stage, an architectural project is developed taking into account the wishes, which allows you to understand how to decorate the building. The project must be consistent with the general development plancities.
At the next stage, a list of technical indicators of the system is compiled, namely its soundproofing properties and thermal efficiency. Based on all the documents drawn up, it is possible to carry out a preliminary calculation of the budget. The design of the facade of the building is also accompanied by an analysis of the technical indicators of the object. It is important to calculate the bearing capacity of fences and walls, as well as to carry out a geodetic survey of the facade.
At the stage of drawing up a working draft, the facing material is laid out, which is optimized with an eye to the geometry of the walls. The analysis of technical indicators carried out at the previous stage allows us to decompose the facade subsystem.
Facade design is also accompanied by the design of junctions to the structure, as well as technical connections of the system. You should calculate the material optimized specification and generate an estimate for the cost of materials and work.
Design Highlights
At the preparation stage, design is carried out, which allows assessing the characteristics of the object. An initial analysis is carried out, which includes a pull-out test of the anchor. This procedure allows you to understand what the load-bearing capacity of the walls is. It will be possible to determine the number of frame attachment points.
Designing facades at this stage helps to understand what are the strength indicators of bases made of different materials. For example, with regard to brick or concrete, these building bases have morehigh strength compared to gas and foam concrete blocks.
Facade design also involves geodetic survey. It displays the location of enclosing structures, stained-glass windows, windows and technical elements. This should include: lighting elements; billboards; equipment. The result of the shooting is an electronic circuit in the form of a drawing. It includes planar and height marks of walls, geometry of walls and their offsets. Based on these data, it is possible to draw up a specification of the elements of the subsystem. All this will be required to level the surfaces and layout into separate sections.
Facade design at the stage of geodetic survey allows you to optimize the consumption of materials, as well as link the design with the ventilated facade system. Preparation of the project allows you to create a specification of materials, taking into account optimization. The project specifies the main units and connections, as well as instructions on the materials used and assembly.
The design of the facades of cottages is carried out by specialists. The cost of these works is calculated individually. This should include the necessary calculations and drawing up the specification of the object. Geodetic work will cost you 30 rubles. per square meter. Design work has a cost of 75 rubles. per square meter. Thermal calculation will cost 60 rubles. per square meter.
Preparation of materials and tools
Technology for mounting a ventilated hinged systemprovides for the presence of some tools and consumables, among them should be highlighted:
- building level;
- screwdriver;
- roulette;
- corner;
- drills;
- thermal insulation material;
- facing material;
- rule;
- plumb lines;
- grinder;
- hammer;
- metal profiles;
- planks and slopes.
Ideally, it is better to replace the screwdriver and drill with a hammer drill. The grinder needs to be supplemented with a grinding nozzle. To carry out the work, you will also need metal scissors, as well as a knife.
For concrete, 10mm drills should be prepared. For metal, they should have a diameter of 4 mm. You will need paronite gaskets, plastic dowels and anchors. You should take care of the presence of fasteners.
Device Features
The circuit diagram is as follows. A heater is attached to the wall. It is covered with a vapor-permeable film, which acts as a wind barrier. It performs the function of waterproofing and protects the insulation from water during heavy slanting rain.
The next layer is an air gap, which serves as ventilation. The thickness of the gap is 4 cm. The outer layer is a decorative coating. It gives the facade an attractive appearance and protects the insulation from precipitation and damage. When designing hinged ventilated facades, the amount of material that will be used for work is determined. This should include insulation, crate anddecorative coating. The finish layer will be held on the crate.
Choice of insulation
Styrofoam can provide excellent thermal insulation. It is one and a half times more effective than mineral wool of the same thickness. Polyfoam is non-hygroscopic and is not afraid of moisture. It has low vapor permeability, which can be a disadvantage.
Extruded polystyrene foam is somewhat stronger mechanically, but does not provide tangible benefits in terms of insulation. The cost of polyurethane foam is much higher compared to polystyrene foam. With vapor permeability, everything is also sad here.
Mineral wool should be considered as an alternative solution. The cost and vapor permeability make it the most popular among other heaters. In non-residential areas, fiber volatility is not a problem. Wool should be protected from destruction by air with a wind barrier. The best insulation will be bas alt wool, because it has high rigidity, which means it almost does not cake over time. It is better to buy insulation in slabs, not in rolls.
Crate
When designing and installing a facade, materials must be selected. The crate should be a square wooden block with a side of 40 mm. You can use a galvanized drywall profile. In order to level the distance from the wall, galvanized suspensions and a profile system are more often used.
Choice of decorative coating
Vinyl siding is the absolute champion as a decorative coating. It combines a whole range of useful qualities that make itpopular cladding material. It is easy to work with, is cheap, light in weight and creates a very attractive façade.
Installation recommendations
At the first stage of creating a "ventilated facade" system, it is necessary to assemble a vertical crate. The distance between the elements should be 5 cm less than the width of the insulation. Thermal insulation is inserted between profiles or bars. The entire crate must be in the same plane. You can check this by pulling a thread between the extreme elements.
The crate should encircle all openings and corners, including door and window openings. The next step is to install the insulation layer. Then a wind barrier is laid with an overlap of horizontal stripes. The bottom stripes are sewn first. In order to create a ventilated gap, the wind barrier is hemmed in such a way that it is slightly recessed into the openings. An alternative is padding over the bar and the slat wind barrier.
Siding is attached to the finished crate with a layer of thermal insulation. It is important to remember that polyvinyl chloride has a high coefficient of expansion. In this regard, the panels are not recommended to be fixed in a stretch or rigidly. From the edges of the panel to the near stop, leave approximately 5 mm of space. Fasteners should allow the panel to sag a little and move in a horizontal plane.
In conclusion
Ventilated facades are a great way to ennoble a building and protect the insulation layer fromexternal influences in the form of weather factors and mechanical damage. Before starting work, it is necessary to carry out the design of the facade, which is especially true for non-residential buildings.
