Many citizens dream of a small beautiful house outside the city. You can go there, escaping from the bustle of the city. In this corner you can feel the pleasant freshness of the earth under your feet. This dream may come true. You can build a house yourself.
Project work
Before you start working on a country house, you need to choose a place for it. With proper planning, you will be able to use each piece of your land as efficiently as possible. Even if the construction will be carried out on your own territory, it is necessary to fulfill some requirements and maintain a minimum distance. 5 m should be retreated from the street, 3 m from the neighboring site, the same amount from the passage.
You should not start building in a lowland, because water will constantly accumulate there. The highest place on the site will be optimal. You should choose a corner in the northwestern or northern part. The country house should be built on the basis of the project.
Considering typicalschemes, you can highlight one thought - the undisputed favorites are one-story buildings with an attic. This option is time tested. With such a project, you can abandon the hozblok, where you are used to storing inventory and other accessories for the garden. Now all this can be placed in the attic.
You can add a terrace to the house. In summer it is usually used as a dining room. If the country house is two-story, an attic can be placed on top. The first floor usually houses the living room and kitchen, while the second floor becomes the owners' space. There you can arrange a bedroom.
It is recommended to save money on the heating system. The installation of a classic boiler, radiators and pipes takes about 20% of the total budget. If you want to build a country house where you will live only in the summer season, then you can get by with infrared or electric heaters for heating in bad weather.
Prefabricated houses have become quite popular lately. Outwardly, they look like monotonous parallelepipeds with a roof, but inside they can have an improved layout and even two floors. If you decide to resort to such an idea, you will get a kind of building kit that will allow you to assemble a house with only basic knowledge of construction. The main requirement for the construction of such houses are communications, namely:
- plumbing;
- air conditioning;
- ventilation;
- wiring.
The collapsible house can be used for a long vacation, andthe building can be equipped with a kitchen, technical rooms, a bathroom and rest rooms. If you want to build a country house with your own hands, photos of such buildings should definitely be considered. Looking inside, you will see:
- hinged shelves;
- water heaters;
- necessary plumbing;
- shower.
Building the foundation
Starting building a house is a necessity with choosing the type of foundation. This question is related to the material from which the walls will rise. It is also important to take into account the number of storeys. Light houses can be built on screw or columnar bases. As for heavy buildings, as well as two-story houses, they require strip foundations around the perimeter of the building and under the load-bearing walls. Light houses include frame buildings, log buildings, and modular structures.
Heavy country houses are those built from:
- concrete blocks;
- stone;
- aerated concrete;
- brick.
It is also important to take into account the depth of soil freezing. The foundation should be laid below this level, taking into account also the line of groundwater occurrence. In the basement, a waterproofing device is required. It is laid, stepping back from the ground 0.5 m. If the soil is dry enough, for example, it is represented by sand, then a cement-sand mixture can be used as a screed, which is poured with a layer of 2 to 4 cm.
For wet soil, roofing material is required on top of the screed. He is covered intwo layers. As an option, the following technology is used: roofing material is glued onto a dry screed using hot mastic. The waterproofing is located below the level of laying the floor beams.
Having examined the photos of country houses, you can also highlight for yourself those options that have a basement. In this case, it is important to ensure ventilation of the underground space. To do this, small holes are made, covered with a protective mesh. A 70-cm blind area should be formed around the base, which should protrude beyond the overhang of the eaves. This part of the building should have a slight slope that is directed away from the walls of the house.
To do this, you first need to remove the top layer of soil, pour clay on top. The next layer will be crushed stone, you can replace it with brick or gravel. The blind area is poured with concrete or rolled up with asph alt.
Working on the floor
The country house will have flooring, work on which begins with laying the log. For thermal insulation of this part, a heater is laid between the lags, on top of which a vapor barrier is located. It is fixed to the lags with a stapler, and the joints are glued with tape.
Then you can proceed with the installation of the subfloor. For this, an unedged board is used, which is pre-treated from rotting and dampness. Then the finishing floor is covered. In a two-story building, the ceiling beams of the first floor will act as a frame for the floor on the second floor.
Building walls
After looking at the photos of country houses,you will notice that each of them has walls made of one material or another. For a garden building, a frame structure would be the best solution. For her, a rigid frame is assembled, which consists of a draft beam. It is laid around the perimeter, and poles are installed in the corners of the house, which are rigidly fixed.
Shaping the frame
The frame is mounted using beams. It is sheathed with plywood, and a heater is placed inside. A country house made of timber will be an excellent solution. To do this, you can use glued or profiled material. It is cheap, does not require large-scale facing work, in addition, an excellent microclimate is formed in the construction of such walls. But you must be prepared for some difficulties during construction, which cannot be said about a frame house.
The most durable buildings are brick, made of concrete blocks, aerated concrete or stone. Such construction is the most expensive, it requires the involvement of additional workers, sometimes qualified.
Roof installation
The construction of country houses, like any other buildings, is accompanied by the installation of a roof. It can be single or double. The design consists of rafters on which the flooring and crate are located. Rafter legs should be cut into the wall, or rather into the upper harness. Support can also be carried out on the Mauerlat, which is laid along the perimeter of the wall.
Crate boardsfastened to the rafters. It can be nailed back to back or apart, it must be placed parallel to the ridge. The roof of a small country house can be covered with the following materials:
- natural tiles;
- wavy slate;
- onduline;
- profiled metal;
- soft tiles.
The fracture of the roof and the ridge are covered with shaped parts. The final stage will be window and door blocks, after finishing work is carried out.
Building a frame house
The foundation for a frame house can be anything:
- tape;
- pile screw;
- columnar.
The pile-screw base is built on loose soil or walking soil. Among the advantages of this design should be highlighted:
- quick installation;
- low cost;
- excellent bearing capacity.
If you need to install piles of impressive diameter, you will have to resort to the help of special equipment. Before this, the site is marked. The surface under the foundation must be flat. A perimeter is outlined at the corners of the future building. Reinforcement bars are installed, which are located at the corners. The next step will be the installation of piles. At the finishing stage, these elements are trimmed to the required level, and then the trunks are concreted.
Construction of the strapping
The foundation will be ready as soon as the heads are installed on the supports. And the strapping should be done from the bars. Fixing the strapping to the base is carried outmounting bolts. A board is laid on top, which should block the junctions of the bars. The frame country house will have a rough log floor. They are installed using metal corners, which allow fastening to the harness. Between the lags is a heater.
Installing the frame
Next, you can proceed to the installation of the frame. For this, a board of 100, 150 or 200 mm is used. Corner posts are mounted first. They are fixed with reinforced steel corners. After the rest of the racks are attached. Corners are also used for this. Braces are installed on each rack. The fastening of the bars in the corners is carried out by cutting.
If you decide to build a country house with your own hands, you can proceed to the installation of ceiling beams at the next stage. Perforated brackets can be used for this. The beams rest on the strapping bars, fastening is carried out with self-tapping screws. A rather time-consuming process is the installation of the roof. It is based on rafters, the length of which, as well as the installation step, can vary. Depending on which roofing material you decide to choose, the technology for installing the crate is determined. Next comes the counter-lattice and installation of the roofing material.
It is important to take care of the insulation. To do this, a vapor barrier film is laid on the inside of the rafter legs, the joints between the sheets of which are glued with double-sided tape. The space between the bars is filled with insulation boards. On top of it is a diffusion membrane. If you plan to use reinforced film, thena gap of 2 cm should be left between it and the thermal insulation.
When building a one-story country house, you will also have to complete a counter-lattice. For this, bars with a section of 25 x 30 cm are used. You can increase these parameters to 30 x 50 cm. The distance between these elements remains the same as in the case of rafters. A crate of boards or beams is installed on the counter-lattice. Fastening is carried out with galvanized nails.
Installation of roofing material starts from the bottom. You need to move up. First, a cornice strip is installed using self-tapping screws. The first sheet of covering material rises to the roof. They can be metal tiles.
Building a house with an attic
A country house with an attic will have ceilings made of steel I-beams and rails. The ceiling is poured with a solution of cement and sand, to which slag is added. It is lightweight and ideal for ceilings. Such building material is also cheap.
Installation of rails
When pouring the ceiling, the rails must be removed from each other by 1 m. They are intertwined with steel wire or metal mesh. The attic can be wooden. To do this, bars of square section with a side of 100 mm are inserted into the ceiling. Rafters are attached to them.
The attic can turn out to be rectangular, which will facilitate the task of building a frame. It will consist of wooden blocks with a section of 120 x 60 mm. These elements rest on the ceiling bars, and the distance between them will be 1 m.
Building walls
Having laid the logs, you will need to carry out a wooden harness along them. It will serve as the basis for the box where the drainage system will be attached. A frame for the attic walls is fixed to the bars. Not so long ago, nails and staples were used for this purpose, but if you have a screwdriver, the task will be simplified.
Wood screws perfectly hold roof elements. To facilitate the screwing of the fasteners, you must first prepare the holes. In the work, screws of 4.2 mm are used. To ensure greater strength, overlays from boards are installed on top of the overlapping parts of the roof, through which the firmware is made with screws.
In conclusion
If you own a suburban area, then even in cramped conditions you can install a small house, next to which there will still be a place for planting cultivated plants. If you are used to relaxing not only with your family, but also from time to time like to invite guests, then the building can be supplemented with an attic. This part of the building can also be used to store inventory.
