In order not to make a mistake with the choice of a lamp, you should familiarize yourself with the main types of socles. This is a lamp element that is screwed or inserted into a socket, thereby providing a link between a single lamp and a common electronic circuit. Most often, metal plinths are found on sale, a little less often - ceramic products. Inside them are the components of the lamp in the form of filaments and electrodes. Contacts are located outside the light bulb. Incandescent lamp base types change over time.
What you need to know when choosing a lamp
From practice it is known that the types of lamp bases must be specified in advance, because you can only install a lamp with a socket suitable for a certain type of cartridge. The most important things to understand before choosing a lamp:
- base type;
- mains voltage in the room where the lamp will be located;
- allowable lamp power for a particular lamp;
- lamp dimensions relative to the dimensions of the selected lamp;
- lamp connection diagram.
The industry produces several types of socles, as well as a number of their subspecies. The main types of lamp bases are threaded and pin. Threaded fasteners are the most common, they are common in use, they are also called screw fasteners. Pins are found in the so-called halogen lamps, fixed in the plane of suspended and stretch ceilings.
Socle designations contain a certain letter encoding:
- E - Edison screw base;
- G - pin type base;
- K - cable;
- B - bayonet, that is, pin;
- P - focusing;
- S - for soffit mounting;
- R - recessed contact mount;
- T – telephone base;
-
W - lamp without base.
types of LED lamp sockets
The marking also contains a number indicating the size of the base and the gap between the contacts, for example - E14 or G13. Small letters indicate the number of pins (connecting plates):
- s – one contact;
- d – two contacts;
- t – three contacts;
- q – four pins;
- p - five contacts.
Types of incandescent lamp bases are standardized, their descriptions are traditionally contained in GOSTs.
Edison Base
So, what is an Edison threaded base? This is the oldest type of lamp mount, invented by the scientist himself. Such a base is as simple as possible to use, most often it is used in householdelectrical appliances. This type is denoted by the letter Exx, where xx is the size of the diameter in millimeters. The sizes of the indicated type of plinths vary:
- GES – large;
- ES – Medium;
- MES – miniature;
- SES - minion (small cap);
- LES - micro base.
Lamp base type E27 and E14
In everyday life, this common type of base is called the "minion", most often it is used in miniature and standard incandescent lamps. The scope of such lamps is extremely wide. Lamps, as you know, are pear-shaped, candle-shaped, drop-shaped, spherical, mirror.
The E27 lamp base type is the most famous, common and popular type of product, the authorship belongs to Edison himself. However, not only the usual incandescent lamps have such a base. The modern industry also produces other types of lamps with it, including:
- compact type fluorescent energy-saving lamps;
- halogen incandescent bulbs;
- gas discharge.
Types of fluorescent lamp bases are also threaded and pin. Important! Fluorescent lamps with E27 and E14 bases do not work in electrical circuits containing dimmers and electronic switches. Other types of lighting lamp bases will be discussed further.
Male (type G)
This type of base implies a pin system at the point of contact between the lamp and the socket. In such lamps, in the presence of two contacts, the digital code indicates the distance betweenthem. If the number of contacts is greater, then the digital designation refers to the diameter of the circle in which they are directly located. Capital Latin letters here indicate that the lamps belong to one or another modification. However, the products are not interchangeable, in addition, sometimes there are combinations of several socles similar to each other - then at the very beginning of the digital designation code there is a number, for example, “2”.
G4 base
This type of mount is designed specifically for miniature halogen lamps, used to create maximum decorative effect in rooms due to the bright point of light coming from different places on the ceiling. Halogen lamps are most often low voltage and are suitable for voltages of 12 or 24 volts. Such lamps are very convenient, have a flat shape on the outside and look quite well on ceilings with built-in lights, as well as in flexible lighting systems. These practical products can last more than 2000 hours. Today, lamps with G4 sockets are commonly used in crystal lamps with rhinestones.
Plints G5, G13, GU1, R
This type is used in tube-shaped fluorescent lamps with a bulb diameter of 16 millimeters. The tone of the high-quality light emitted by such lamps can be both warm white and cold daylight. The luminous efficacy of these lamps is high, and the energy consumption, on the contrary, is quite modest.
G13 base is verya common option for domestic recessed lighting, like the GU1 type. Lamps with such a mount are characterized by thickening at the end of the contacts, which allows for swivel connections with cartridges.
Recessed 'R' socket is the best choice for small and quartz halogen lamps, as well as high intensity lighting fixtures that rely on AC operation. In the designation of such a base, the numbers show the length of the lamp as a whole.
Pin base B (bayonet)
This look is an improvement on the classic Edison design to maximize the time it takes to change a burned out light bulb. In addition, progress constantly "reduced" the size of the light bulbs themselves.
R7s base
This type is equipped with a pair of round side pins for mounting in the slot of the corresponding cartridge. Fixing the lamp in this case requires scrolling a quarter of a turn. The outer diameter is indicated in millimeters, for example - B9s.
Such bases are often used in automotive lamps and on boats to create low or high beams - asymmetrical side mounting contacts hold the lamp in the socket at the right angle, which allows you to focus the light flux depending on the respective need.
In imported products - English, Canadian light bulbs - the numbers are often not indicated, they are encrypted in the form of letter abbreviations. For example, a bayonet cap is BC (Bayonet Cap)=B22d=our version2Sh22.
Soffit base S and focusing P
Externally, the product looks like a familiar glass fuse - contacts are located on both sides of the base. The figure printed on the outside will show the outer diameter of the housing in millimeters. Lamps with such bases are most often used in car interiors and for highlighting license plates on cars.
Focusing base "P" is designed to complete navigation lights, cinema projectors and searchlights of various sizes, as well as household flashlights. The operation of this mechanism is based on the possibility of orienting the beam in different directions and directing the light flux through a special assembly lens. The code printed on the base usually indicates the size of the diameter of the focusing flange, or that part of it that helps to keep the lamp in a horizontal position. The P20d base is specially designed for the installation of headlights in cars. The "T" telephone base is used in small backlight bulbs, consoles and mimics.
Socles for LED lamps
Types of LED lamp sockets: LED GU10, JDR E14, LED GU5.3, JDR E27, PAR30, PAR38, MR11, T5, T8 and others. LEDs almost do not heat up, so they are used where other types simply will not work due to surface temperature considerations.
In general, modern industry also produces non-standard types of lamp bases, for example, for projection or xenon lamps. Speaking of switcheslamps, then in Western countries smaller products with T4, 5, and not T6, 8 socles have long been used. The newest type W generally contacts the cartridge through current inputs located directly on the glass base of the lamp.
Types of lighting lamp sockets are constantly being improved. Today there is a tendency to replace incandescent lamps with semiconductor products of similar dimensions. The advantage of such semiconductor lamps, which are also simply called LEDs, is a more economical consumption of electrical energy, while in terms of brightness, such lamps are in many ways superior to their counterparts. It should also be noted that the types of LED lamp bases have some differences from all other types.
