Laying sewer pipes made of plastic is much easier than building plumbing from the same plastic. Old cast-iron pipes have long since rusted and began to clog, which caused the thought of replacing them? First of all, you need to take into account several parameters:
- Slope sewerage by 1 meter.
- Number of joints (the fewer joints, the better).
- Number of turns (the fewer the better).
- The depth of the sewer pit.
Recommendations for laying sewer pipes
In order for the sewer system to function properly, you need to be guided by the following rules:
1) Calculate the distance and outline the future tunnel for the pipes. The fewer joints and turns, the less chance of leakage.
2) The sockets of the risers must necessarily be directed towards the flow of drains. This is done in order to avoid leaks.
3) Do not shorten or cut the fittings.
4) Do not use cracked or damaged pipesor accessories to them.
5) Carefully inspect the O-rings for defects.
6) Provide a sewer pipe slope of 1 meter.
Installation rules
Normal operation of the sewer system is impossible without proper fixing of all its elements. Unfortunately, plastic pipes succumb to such a phenomenon as deformation, moreover, poorly fixed parts will sag under the weight of the earth and change the stack angle. The sewer slope per 1 meter in degrees is calculated using the approximate deviation when planting pipes. Special mounts are also constructed above the pipes in steps of 70 centimeters. The maximum slope of the pipes is 15%, since a higher degree is not recommended due to frequent clogging.
It is necessary to measure the sewer slope by 1 meter starting from the building and ending with the drain pit. Be sure to check the entire length for the same slope readings.
Experts recommend making a sewer pipe slope of 100 by 1 meter in a private house like this - 5-7 centimeters from the initial indicator (the beginning of the pipe) to the final one (the end of the sewer).
Calculations of pipe diameter
The value of the diameter of the sewer pipe depends on the number of plumbing units connected to the system, as well as on such a value as a sewer slope of 1 meter. Professionals give formulas according to which a certain diameter is calculated. It depends on factors such as:
- Number of turns.
- Slope percentage.
- Number of joints.
- Number of plumbing fixtures.
Formulas are usually used when laying a sewer system in large enterprises, and in private houses or apartments this is not necessary.
The riser and pipes connected to the sewer pit must be 100 millimeters in diameter. But if, for example, the pipe has a diameter of 150 millimeters, then the riser must correspond to this value. It is also worth noting that to connect the toilet to the drain system, you need to use pipes with a diameter of 100 millimeters.
The sewerage slope (by 1 meter) in the apartment should be 4-5 centimeters from the beginning to the end, this will provide a flow rate of 0.7 m / s, the pipe diameter should be 80 mm.
Fan ventilation in the sewerage device
Fan ventilation is a pipe brought to the roof and connected to the sewerage system. It serves to stabilize the air pressure in the system. For sudden pressure drops, fan ventilation is the best solution.
Pressure swings suck fluid out of siphons and other water-blocking areas, allowing odors to enter the room.
In multi-storey buildings, the central sewer pipe does not have a slope and is installed strictly vertically, since it receives a large amount of wastewater.
When calculating factors such as the slope of the sewer pipe 100 per 1 meter and the volume of sewagewater, usually guided by the diameter of the pipe. After calculating these values, it is agreed what exactly to install: a fan system (for large volumes) or a check valve (for small volumes).
The non-return valve works only in one direction, namely, in the passage of air in only one direction. Ideal for low pressure pipes - when draining, the valve opens and air is drawn into the pipe.
Cleaning sewer systems
Cleanings are parts installed at the place where the pipe turns. The same ones were in Soviet cast-iron systems for cleaning from blockages. This system was also introduced in the installation of plastic pipes - easy, convenient and practical. But over time, they abandoned it, since many believed that such a device looked unaesthetic against the general background.
Advice! Sewerage slope of 1 meter - external and internal - is calculated the same way. Pipe laying trenches must be level so that there are no deflections or cracks when filling with soil.
Also, when installing sewers, inspection hatches (revisions) are installed. The distance between them is 13-16 meters. In multi-storey buildings, such hatches were installed every four floors.
Installation of plastic to the cast-iron sewerage system
Many do not have the desire to completely change the entire sewerage system, so they only change the problematic parts. And at this stage they are faced with joining plastic pipes to old cast iron pipes.
If you are a resident of a multi-storey building, then do not forget to convince all the neighbors of the couplehours do not use the sewer to avoid unpleasant moments during installation. To connect such pipes, you need to use fittings that were made specifically for this purpose.
Important! When connecting the central cast-iron pipe and the plastic one that will be connected from the apartment, the angle should not be 90 degrees.
Options for docking:
1) Connection is made by two 45 degree bends.
2) Three 30 degree elbows are used.
3) Four 22 degree elbows are used.
In any case, the sewerage slope per 1 meter must be calculated individually. If the system is installed in a private house, then such wiring will not be needed, only a larger diameter of the sewer pipe will be selected.
Errors in the installation of the sewerage system
Many make mistakes during installation, and the system often clogs or does not function at all. Most common mistakes:
1) The internal view of the pipe is used for the installation of an external sewage system.
2) Wrong sewer slope by 1 meter.
3) Presence of burrs on pipes after sawing.
Some recommendations from experts
Tips:
1) Laying of plastic pipes is carried out in the ground, which is not affected by additional loads (crossing for cars).
2) It is not recommended to install pipes in places where there is a difference in height (wells are installed in such places).
3) Sealing rubbers are carefully selected as they are produced separately fromsewer pipes and may not fit or fit tightly.
4) Use a lubricant (shampoo, detergent, soap) to connect the pipes. This will greatly facilitate the work.
5) For the normal functioning of the drain system, an entry gap is recommended: for a pipe of 50 millimeters - 0.36 cm, and for 100 millimeters - 0.47 cm.
6) To connect plumbing fixtures with a flexible hose, you need to use special sealing cuffs. The diameter of the inlet must match the diameter of the pipe.
That's all the tips and tricks for laying the sewer system. Calculating the diameter or percentage of the slope will not be difficult for you.
