To complete a sauna oven is a great achievement. Having created it, you will receive a device that will warm not only the body, but also the soul for several years. In order not to cross out your efforts and not burn the bathhouse, you need to think about how to install the stove. Following a few rules will make the steam room a safe place to relax. If you purchased the sauna stove ready-made, then you need to study the installation instructions.
Foundation
In order to ensure the reliability of the whole structure and guarantee safety, the furnace should be installed on the foundation. It can be made of concrete, but fireclay bricks can also be used. The base must meet the requirements for strength and evenness, and in order to comply with fire safety, asbestos cardboard should be laid on the floor. Its thickness should be 12 mm. A 5 mm steel sheet is laid on top. These layers must cover the floor space in front of the stove by 50 cm.from the door. On all sides, the protrusion of such a barrier should be 3 cm.
Furnace door and chimney
Installation of the stove in the bath is necessarily accompanied by the installation of the furnace door. It can be located closer to the opposite wall, but the distance must be 1.5 m or more. The minimum distance from the sides of the appliance and the back to the walls is 50 cm.
If the device has a remote furnace panel, then the wall through which it passes is made of non-combustible materials. The connection unit of the outlet and the pipe must be collapsible. If the chimney is located in a zone of sub-zero temperatures, you must prevent the formation of condensate on it. For this, thermal insulation protection is installed.
About the damper and chimney material
When installing a stove in a bath, it is imperative to provide a damper in the chimney, which will be responsible for the combustion process. Non-combustible material must be laid between the ceiling and the cutting. The most durable and safe are chimneys made of high-quality ceramics. The second place is occupied by stainless steel pipes. Sandwiches cannot be used as the first element of the chimney, because the first pipe must be single-circuit. As for steel, the best grade is AISI 310 S, which has the qualities of heat resistance. This material is recommended for areas where the temperature is the highest. Suitable grades are AISI 316L, AISI 321.
Seams are important, which must be made by laser welding, spot welding is not allowed. When the stove is installed in the bath, the chimney is drawn through the roof. This is where the section should be. This element will guarantee waterproofing and fire safety at the intersection with the roofing material. A distance of 130 mm must be maintained from combustible elements to the outer surface of the sandwich. It can be increased.
Where the stove chimney comes out, a 12 cm thickening must be made in the brickwork. Above the roof, the laying of the pipe should not be higher than 50 cm. That part of the chimney that is located between the ceiling and the roof must be plastered and covered with lime.
Oven location
Installing a stove in a bath is also a choice of location. Even a cold installation should not be closer to combustible structures than 50 cm. If there are walls made of combustible materials in the room, they are protected with masonry or insulation sheets. They are positioned so that they rise above the surface of the furnace. Firebox doors must face the door. The door of the heater will be directed to the corner of the bath.
Ceiling and grounding
Fires happen because the protection of the ceiling has not been given attention. If this part is made of non-combustible materials, it is covered with a steel sheet with a layer of bas alt cardboard or mineralite. The area should exceed the size of the oven by a third. If you have chosen a device that works from the network, then its installation must be carried out in accordance with the standards prescribed by the fire inspectorate.
The situation will improve with the help of grounding. Exactlytherefore, in modern private houses there is a contour, which the owners of baths forget about. Experienced stove-makers recommend making a separate ground loop for the steam room for safety reasons, so as not to use the neutral wire that comes from the substation, as this is unsafe.
More about security
If there are difficulties with grounding, a grounding is used, connecting the zero terminals and the ground wire of the electric furnace in the switchboard. You can also use a safety shutdown. If the electric heater was purchased ready-made, then the installation can be entrusted to the seller's company. Such services will cost 10% of the total cost of the equipment.
Features of installing a stove in a wooden building
Installation of a stove in a bath on a wooden floor can be carried out without the construction of an additional base. But for safety and aesthetics, the floor is laid with bricks or tiles. If there is a wooden floor, the surface is covered with non-combustible material. If the weight of the furnace does not exceed 700 kg, then the construction of an additional foundation can be omitted.
Even the heaviest metal rig weighs less. However, if you plan to brick it, then a foundation is a must. Its dimensions should be 150 mm larger than the dimensions of the furnace. The foundation goes into the depths, as does the general foundation of the building. If the furnace is located close to a load-bearing wall, then the foundation must have a non-cohesive structure.
You must not create patches where two bases touch. This is necessary forso that when shrinking, the stove does not affect the bath room. The height of such a foundation is made 200 mm below the floor level.
Step-by-step instructions for installing a stove in a bath include:
- Digging a recess with the required dimensions, where the formwork is installed.
- A reinforcing mesh is mounted inside for reinforcement.
- The next step is to pour concrete, which is prepared from cement and sand in a ratio of 1 to 3.
- After the cement-sand mixture has cured, double waterproofing is laid.
- The next layer will be two rows of refractory bricks.
Installing a stove in a wooden sauna requires special conditions. As in the case described above, with a total mass of the structure less than 700 kg and the presence of a log, as well as boards of sufficient thickness, there is no need to build a foundation. You must lay the heat-resistant base on the surface of the wood. It can be a metal sheet laid on bas alt cardboard or asbestos. Refractory bricks, ceramic tiles or stone can be used instead of metal.
The floor structure will not warm up as much as nearby walls, but protection is still needed. A metal sheet should lie in front of the firebox to ensure fire safety in case of coal falling out of the firebox.
Installing a device with a remote firebox: about pouring the foundation
The correct installation of the stove in the bath in the presence of a device with a remote furnace is accompanied by determining the dimensions of the foundation. as a floorthe base should protrude a screed, on the surface of which heat-resistant ceramic tiles or porcelain stoneware are laid. The standard height of the screed on which the stove is installed is 20 cm. This indicator is the most optimal if you are planning a construction with a brick jacket and a massive chimney.
Sometimes stoves with a remote firebox are installed on a brick pillow. At the same time, it is important to carry out calculations, because the height of the foundation will be added to the size of the substrate, so the height of the ceilings will become lower. The instructions for installing a bath stove at the first stage provide for digging a pit into which the formwork is installed. Concrete is prepared as described above.
A double layer of waterproofing is laid on the bottom, for example, roofing material. Bricks are laid on top of the concrete screed after it has dried. If it is necessary to embed the structure into the wall, it is important to observe fire safety. If the walls are made of wood, then they are lined with insulating materials. When installing a stove in a bath with an external firebox, it is important to determine the parameters of the opening. They must be equal to the distance between the combustible base and the firebox. If the stove was made by hand, then it is better to use approximate standards - 25 cm. This is true if fire retardant materials are used. Otherwise, this parameter should be increased to 40 cm.
In the upper part and on the sides of the wooden wall, it is necessary to equip the brickwork. During the installation process, it is not recommended to bring the brick close to the remote assembly.furnaces. An air gap must be created. Its size is calculated taking into account the data that you can take from the accompanying instructions for the factory furnace. This parameter should not be less than 2.5 cm. When installing the stove in a bath with an external firebox, this gap is subsequently closed with insulating material, which can be stone or bas alt wool.
Working on the chimney
This is the final step and can be done in one of several ways. If you have chosen a wood-burning stove with an external firebox, then the chimney is installed using ceramics, metal or bricks. A brick pipe is a kind of continuation of a protective brick shirt.
The pipe is laid out and performed as an air duct. The chimney is a rather heavy structure, the load from which is placed on the building. The main pressure will fall on the foundation, the installation of which must be carried out from concrete. An example of a chimney assembly is shown below.
Recommendations before installation. Water tank installation
Installation of a stove-heater in a bath may include the location of the firebox in the steam room. In this case, the wall behind the heating device must be protected with half-brick brickwork. Stainless steel sheet can be used.
The oven must be 10 cm or more away from the wall. Before starting the installation, the device must be heated, which is true for solid fuel units. This is required to cure the paint on the body and eliminate the smell of chemical fumes thatappear when heated.
When installing a stove in a bath with your own hands, you will have to do the installation of a water tank. It is hung on the furnace wall or connected with a flexible hose to the heat exchanger. Threaded connection can be used.
Which chimney to choose
If you use a pipe from a sandwich chimney, you can get a bonus - ease of installation. Such material allows you to save heat due to the external and internal walls with mineral wool insulation. The chimney provides good draft, and condensate and soot do not accumulate on its internal surfaces.
Sandwich chimneys are made of acid-resistant stainless steel with a long service life. Therefore, for a sauna stove, this design is the most suitable option.
Should I choose a solid metal chimney or made of bricks
Today, chimneys are made of different materials, it can be a sandwich pipe, a brick structure or a solid metal chimney. The latter option is not the best, because when removing gases from combustion products, such a device does not comply with safety regulations. This is because the exhaust gas temperature is high.
The brick construction, although it complies with fire regulations, requires the installation of a reliable and solid foundation. Not every sauna stove will be able to withstand such a chimney.
Conclusion
Installing a metal stove in a bath, like any other, must be accompanied by compliance with fire safety rules. For example, hot objects in a steam room have a big minus - a vast surface that heats up to 500 ˚С. If a person accidentally slips or suddenly feels unwell, they can fall on such a stove and get seriously burned. Therefore, experts recommend equipping a brick screen in front of the oven.
In any case, the floor in the bath should not be slippery. Before putting the device into operation, you should show the design to a familiar stove-maker, who will evaluate its safety with an experienced eye. For example, all joints of the chimney must be as tight as possible, and the inner surface of the chimney must be smooth so that soot does not accumulate on the material.
