For the first time, Ar-Razi wrote about a kerosene lamp in the 9th century in Baghdad. The modern kerosene lamp was invented by pharmacists Jan Zech and Ignaty Lukasevich in the city of Lvov in 1853.
Bat
The "bat" lantern is also a kerosene lamp. But this lamp can be carried without fear that the wick will go out from the wind. If a kerosene lamp is mainly used indoors, then a "bat" is a lantern that can be worn outdoors.
A lamp that burns kerosene is called a kerosene lamp. Kerosene is a product of petroleum distillation. Such a lamp has almost the same principle of operation as an oil lamp. Kerosene is poured into a special container and a wick is lowered into it. The second end of the wick is at the top and is fixed by a special mechanism with which it can be lowered and raised. In this case, air enters the wick from below. A kerosene burner uses a braided wick, unlike an oil lamp. To ensure air draft, a special lamp glass is installed on top of the kerosene lamp. In addition to traction, it also protects the burning wick from the wind.
As a resultimplementation of the GOELRO plan to introduce electric lighting throughout the country, kerosene lamps are mainly used in the most remote corners of Russia. Where the power goes out frequently. And besides, they are used by skiers and tourists. There is even a special lamp for hiking, the so-called "camping kerosene burner".
Windproof lanterns, also called "bat lantern", are available in two versions:
- with a signal patch, which is needed for both outdoor and indoor use, as well as a means of signaling when using horse-drawn traffic, in order to ensure safety;
- without cover, for signaling, indoor and outdoor use.
Kerosinka - device and purpose
Another kind of heating devices based on burning kerosene is a kerosene stove. In fact, this is the same kerosene burner. It also contains a wick immersed in a container of kerosene, which is ignited from above. Naturally, liquid kerosene will not burn, but the kerosene saturates the wick and the flame occurs at the end of the wick, where the kerosene vapors rising through it evaporate.
Kerosinka is considered the least dangerous, it can be extinguished by simply blowing out the fire, and when ignited, nothing needs to be heated.
But there are also disadvantages. The wick wears out very quickly and needs to be changed frequently. In order for a kerosene stove to generate a sufficient amount of heat, you need not one, but a pair or even three wicks, andwider. And all of them must be constantly monitored to avoid the extinction of the flame and soot.
But a kerosene stove burns much more slowly than a stove or a kerosene lamp. True, this does not give the expected result, since a lot of heat goes into the air and its efficiency is extremely low.
Kerosene Primus
Another device that runs on lighting kerosene is a primus stove. Primus "Record-1" is widespread. It is the most highly efficient and economical kerosene-fired heating appliance. Primus is convenient for fishing and hunting, in the country and on expeditions, camping trips, etc., due to its small size and weight.
Primus differs from all other similar devices in that it works with excess pressure, which is created in the tank. Under pressure, kerosene is driven through thin tubes next to the burner, which is burning at that time. Being in close proximity to an open fire, kerosene turns into vapors that burn at the outlet of the same burner. Therefore, it is erroneous to assume that kerosene burns in the stove. Its vapors are burning. Primus is also in some way a kerosene burner, but its combustion principle is different.
Pairs of kerosene come out under considerable pressure, about one and a half to two atmospheres. Therefore, the primus works quite noisily. Of course, it does not make noise like a vacuum cleaner, but it will surely wake a sleeping person nearby if someone comes up with the idea of lighting it up at night.
Pros and cons of using Primus
The small size of the stove is perfectly combined with an impressive heat output. True, in the process of operation, the small jet in the burner is constantly clogged and must be periodically cleaned with a special needle.
When using a stove, there is a great danger of self-ignition of the device. And since the pressure inside it is large, in the event of depressurization, kerosene is poured out in a thin strong stream, which most often immediately ignites. And which cannot be extinguished by simply trying to blow out the fire. We'll have to release the pressure and wait until the kerosene stove goes out by itself.
Besides, it is quite difficult to start the primus correctly. You will have to first warm up the pipe system with alcohol, and only then you can kindle the primus itself.
Primus stoves have been known since 1892 and have proven themselves during this time only on the good side, helping out tourists and travelers, and just people who find themselves in difficult living conditions.
Kerogas - kerosene burner
Advantages of kerosene stove and kerosene stove incorporated kerosene gas or kerosene burner - it is a hybrid of primus stove and kerosene stove. But he also absorbed their shortcomings.
A kerosene burner (kerogas), like a stove, takes kerosene through a wick, which, unlike a stove, does not burn. Rather, it burns, but only during ignition, but kerosene vapors that arise in a special compartment equipped with double walls burn.
Modern kerogases are much simpler and more convenient than the old ones, which must beit was to be dismantled so that after opening the fuel supply valve, kerosene soaked the entire wick. Then the wick was set on fire in several places, and only after that it was possible to insert the inner compartment into the body of the kerosene burner and use it.
